If we want to be honest, how many percent of our surgically treated patients are satisfied with our treatment? 50%, 70%, or 90%? How many percent of our spinal surgeries can restore normal anatomy to the patient? Is it enough to have an academic degree for carrying out spinal surgeries? Does having a gun means having the right to shoot at everyone freely? "Conflict of interest" is a term common...

In this paper, we define hedge operation on a residuated skew lattice and investigate some its properties. We get relationships between some special sets as dense, nilpotent, idempotent, regular elements sets and their hedges.  By examples, we show that hedge of a dense element is not a dense and hedge of a regular element is not a regular. Also hedge of a nilpotent element is a nilpotent and h...

The dynamics of an open quantum system can be described by a quantum operation: A linear, complete positive map of operators. Here, I exhibit a compact expression for the time reversal of a quantum operation, which is closely analogous to the time reversal of a classical Markov transition matrix. Since open quantum dynamics are stochastic, and not, in general, deterministic, the time reversal i...

To the Editorial Committee of the BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY SIRS,-It is the common experience of those surgeons who operate early on children with constant convergent squint of onset before the age of 2 years that, in those cases which they are able to follow up, if all the manifest obstacles to development of binocular vision are removed, a small proportion will attain full binocularity...

In the framework of machine developments at the ESR two new modes of operation were tested. After first unsuccessful attempts to demonstrate the slow extraction of a decelerated beam, the slow extraction test was performed at higher energy. The main advantage is a much shorter cycle time allowing faster variation of parameters and easier diagnostics in the HITRAP linac. With improved orbit corr...

The L, , knowledge representation language and an inference engine to interpret it have been developed as part of the LILOG project, where now concepts for understanding natural-language texts were investigated. L, is a typed predicate logic whose type system has adopted the concepts of KL-One-like languages. Further language constructs allow the formulation of default and control knowledge. Th...

k-Arbiter is a useful concept for solving the distributed h-out of-k resources allocation problem. The distributed h-out of-k resources allocation algorithms based on k-arbiter have the benefits of high fault-tolerance and low communication cost. However, according to the definition of k-arbiter, it is required to have a non-empty intersection among any (k+1) quorums in a k-arbiter. Consequentl...

Many parallel and distributed programming models are based on some form of shared objects, which may be represented in various ways (e.g., single-copy, replicated, and partitioned objects). Also, many diierent operation execution strategies have been designed for each representation. In programming systems that use multiple representations integrated in a single object model, one way to provide...