This paper derives a population sizing relationship for genetic programming (GP). Following the population-sizing derivation for genetic algorithms in Goldberg, Deb, and Clark (1992), it considers building block decision making as a key facet. The analysis yields a GP-unique relationship because it has to account for bloat and for the fact that GP solutions often use subsolutions multiple times...

This study is motivated by the puzzle of diminishing gains in European Union budget bargaining for governments with a Eurosceptic domestic audience, even as Euroscepticism increasingly represented national legislatures. Engaging literature on fiscal federalism and institutionalist politics its budgetary process, we argue that integration diminishes ability member states’ to leverage extract con...

Goal/thesis – to overview the development of school libraries in Vietnam, thereby drawing out advantages, disadvantages, and challenges they face. Methodology critical literature review content analysis source materials. Findings revealed there are disadvantages Vietnam including shortcomings with lack materials, poor infrastructure, inefficient capacity librarian, limited budget. The reasons f...

Background: The construction of metro lines is a high-risk project. Using a budget-based model for the safety units of metro construction projects can help safety managers to spend optimal budget allocation. The purpose of this study was to plan a budget model based on safety unit performance in an under construction metro station for better budget allocation using robust optimization. Methods...

The virtual computers VC paradigm enables the in corporation of predictability and choice into the de sign of an operating system Predictability refers to the ability of the system to provide each user with a computing environment whose performance is inde pendent of the behavior of other users Choice refers to the ability of a user to select a computer system that meets that user s speci catio...

Fuel is a major cost expense for air carriers. A typical airline spends 10% of its operating budget on the purchase of jet fuel, which even exceeds its expenditures on aircraft acquisitions. Thus, it is imperative that fuel consumption be managed as wisely as possible. The implementation of Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) programs at airlines may be able to assist in this management ...

A method for e ciently selecting the operating modes within a block-based multi-mode video compression system is described. For a given image region, the optimum combination of modes is selected so as to minimize the overall distortion for a given bit-rate budget. Necessary conditions for optimizing the encoder operation are derived within a rateconstrained product code framework [1]. When rate...

When integrating hard, soft and non-real-time tasks in general purpose operating systems, it is necessary to provide temporal isolation so that the timing properties of one task do not depend on the behaviour of the others. However, strict budget enforcement can lead to inefficient use of the computational resources in the presence of tasks with variable workload. Many resource reclaiming algor...

Wireless sensor network has recently emerged as enablers of several areas. Real applications of WSN are being explored and some of them are yet to come. While the potential of sensor networks has been only beginning to be realized, several challenges still remain. One of them is the experimental evaluation of WSN. Therefore, deploying and operating a testbed to study the real behavior of WSN be...