Successful collective action often depends on the presence of leaders, who bear greater responsibility than other group members for the logistics of coordination, monitoring of effort, and reward and punishment. Leaders may be expected to shoulder more risk, are vulnerable to retaliation from sanctioned group members, and suffer greater reputational damage from failed collective action. What th...

OBJECTIVES To draw attention to sex related disparities in academic medical leadership by investigating the representation of female leaders compared with leaders with moustaches. DESIGN Cross sectional analysis. SETTING Academic medical departments in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Clinical department leaders (n=1018) at the top 50 US medical schools funded by the National Institutes of...

ing leaders to create a forum to address the enormous challenges that face the profession now, and will continue to do so over the next several years. Many in the profession have been addressing these challenges, typically within the confines of the organizations that employ them. There has been no focused forum where nurse leaders themselves have an intellectual space for dialogue and planning...