Risks related to events that arrive randomly play important role in many real life decisions, and models of learning and experimentation based on twoarmed Poisson bandits addressed several important aspects related to strategic and motivational learning in cases when events arrive at jump times of the standard Poisson process. At the same time, these models fail to explain some interesting feat...

UNLABELLED With 14 figures and 3 tables SUMMARY Each adrenal gland consisted of cortex and medulla that developed from different embryological origins and presented different cellular organization. One hundred male or female camel embryos or fetuses with crown vertebral rump lengths (CVRL) that ranged from 0.8 to 117 cm were examined. The adrenal cortex, which is derived from intermediate mes...

The Linguatula serrata is a toungue-shaped parasite that infections carnivores or insectivorous reptile as final host and herbivores as intermediate ones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of nymphal stages of L. serrata in mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes of camels which slaughtered in Tabriz slaughterhouse, Northwest of Iran. In this study, a total of 185 camels (121 ...

INTRODUCTION Little information is currently available regarding the presence of Anaplasma species in North African dromedaries. To fill this gap in knowledge, the prevalence, risk factors, and genetic diversity of Anaplasma species were investigated in Tunisian dromedary camels. METHODOLOGY A total of 226 camels from three different bioclimatic areas were sampled and tested for the presence ...

The one-humped camel is an important domestic animal in arid and semiarid areas of Mediterranean Africa, East Africa and West and South Asia where it contributes to human livelihoods and welfare. Little studied until recently infection with hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus has now been recorded in the animal in more than 20 counties of its recorded natural range. In comparative studies,...

The esophagus of one-humped camel was studied grossly and histologically. Different stains were used to examine the glands and musculature. The esophagus of camel appeared to be similar to that of other ruminants in absence of the abdominal portion. Specific modifications were observed in camel's esophagus different than the esophagus of other domestic animals in presence of a well developed ph...