North American prairie vegetation has been a role model for designing highly attractive plantings for German urban green spaces for the past decade. In combination with gravel mulch top layers on planting sites and non-selective maintenance techniques like mowing or burning, prairie plantings are considered to be cost-effective and low-maintenance. This study was undertaken to assess the impact...

This research evaluated the effectiveness of biodegradable mulches for weed control in container-grown ‘Martin’ giant arborvitae (Thuja plicata) and measured the effects of these mulches on evaporation and substrate temperature. The experiment was carried out in the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. Four biodegradable mulching materials were tested and compared with a chemical control (oxadiazon) ...

Smallholder farmers in southern Africa have reported on increased labour requirements for hoe weeding due to high weed infestations in conservation farming (CF) fields. However, CF proponents claim that weed pressure and labour requirements for weeding decrease within the first three years under the recommended CF practices. An observational study was carried out during the 2008/09 cropping sea...

to assess the effect of non chemical management of weed control on forage sorghum (sorghum bicolor) a field study was conducted in varamin, iran during 2010 crop year in a three- replicated- split factorial experiment laid out in randomized complete block design with four weeding levels (w1= one time cultivation at 3-leaf stage using a duck foot cultivator, w2= two times cultivation at 3 and 5-...

We present coding methods for protecting against tampering of write-once optical disks which turns them into a secure digital medium for applications where critical information must be stored in a way that prevents or allows detection of an attempt at falsiication. Our method involves adding a small amount of redundancy to a modulated sector of data. This extra redundancy is not used for normal...

The rapid prosperity and future prospects of this colony are to me, not understanding these subjects, very puzzling. The two main exports are wool and whale oil, and to both of these productions there is a limit. Pasture everywhere is so thin that settlers have already pushed far into the interior: moreover the country further inland becomes extremely poor. Agriculture, on account of the drough...