Abstract Annelids and particularly polychaetes possess a great variety of sensory organs respond to numerous stimuli. Although eyes nuchal are comparatively well studied, the so-called dorsal among lesser-known sense in aquatic annelids. Moreover, they known be restricted only two out approximately 80 families polychaetes—Orbiniidae Spionidae—which not closely related. These have been regarded ...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event - either experiencing it or witnessing it. In addition to the relationship between PTSD and neuroinflammation, research indicates that olfactory bulb are effective in anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the electrophysiological activity of olfactory bulb in the animal mod...

Small-brained rodents have been the principle focus for pheromonal research and have provided comprehensive insights into the chemosensory mechanisms that underpin pheromonal communication and the hugely important roles that pheromones play in behavioural regulation. However, pheromonal communication does not start or end with the mouse and the rat, and work in amphibians reveals much about the...

Downregulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathways prolongs lifespan in various species, including mammals. Still, the cellular mechanisms by which IGF signaling controls the aging trajectory of individual organs are largely unknown. Here, we asked whether suppression of IGF-I receptor (IGF-1R) in adult stem cells preserves long-term cell replacement, and whether this may prevent age-r...

The olfactory organs from the squid Lolliguncula brevis are composed of a pseudostratified epithelium containing five morphological subtypes of chemosensory neurons and ciliated support cells. Physiological recordings have been made from two of the subtypes and only the type 4 neuron has been studied in detail. Odour-stimulated increases in intracellular calcium and rapid activation of an elect...

The presence and expression of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in the olfactory organs suggest that they play an important role in mosquito olfaction. However, no direct evidence has been found for their involvement in the host-seeking behavior of mosquitoes. It is important to establish a method in which a loss-of-function test can be performed to determine the possible role of these genes in ...

Fruit flies make their living "on the fly" in search of attractive food odors. Flies balance the strength of self-induced bilateral visual motion and bilateral wind cues, but it is unknown whether they also use bilateral olfactory cues to track odors in flight. Tracking an odor gradient requires comparisons across spatially separated chemosensory organs and has been observed in several walking ...

The density of olfactory sense organs on the antenna of the cockroach, Leucqphaea maderae, is relatively constant throughout larval development (average 400 sensilla/mnP), but undergoes a substantial increase at the adult stage (to about 620 sensilla/mm”). Experimental manipulations of juvenile hormone (JH) activity result in either supernumerary larval instars (induced by unilateral antennecto...

BACKGROUND The olfactory system plays an important role in the recognition of leaf volatiles during the search of folivore insects for a suitable plant host. For example, volatiles emitted by mulberry leaves trigger chemotaxis behavior in the silkworms Bombyx mori, and as a consequence, they preferentially reside on and consume mulberry leaves. Here, we aimed to identify natural chemoattractant...

ABSTRACT In the past decade, many studies have investigated effects of low pH/high CO2 as a proxy for ocean acidification on olfactory-mediated behaviours marine organisms. The behaviour fish vary from very large to none at all, and most maladaptive observed been attributed changes in acid–base regulation, leading ion distribution over neural membranes, consequently affecting functioning gamma-...