adopting a unilateral policy, the united states attacked iraq without permission from the united nations' security council in march 2003. the first intervention of the united states took place in iraq in 1991 with permission from the security council, accompanied by a coalition of the us allies. as a result of this military intervention, the united states managed to liberate kuwait at that...

Declining production from conventional oil resources has initiated a global transition to unconventional oil, such as tar sands. Unconventional oil is generally harder to extract than conventional oil and is expected to have a (much) lower energy return on (energy) investment (EROI). Recently, there has been a surge in publications estimating the EROI of a number of different sources of oil, an...

In recent years, as offshore resources, not only fishery resources, including oil, natural gas, rare metals, and other minerals attract increasing attention, national surveys have been underway in the vast seas that surround Japan. IHI applied own robot technologies to take another step forward in achieving autonomous unmanned maritime systems for conducting detailed surveys at a water depth of...

a r t i c l e i n f o A large part of government revenues in Russia comes from royalties and export taxes on crude oil, oil products, and gas. Recently, the Russian government has considered reducing export taxes on crude oil and oil products compensated by an increase in the royalty on crude oil. The objective of the paper is to analyse the economy-wide effects of this proposal. Moreover, a hy...

We study N -player continuous-time Cournot games in an oligopoly where firms choose production quantities. These are nonzero-sum differential games, whose value functions may be characterized by systems of nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equations. When resources are in finite supply, such as oil, exhaustibility enters as boundary conditions for the PDEs. We analyze the problem w...

Contamination of soil / water resources by petroleum products poses severe threats to underground water and soil quality. In the present study biosurfactant producing bacterial cultures were used to degrade petrol engine oil under in situ conditions in the plant rhizosphere system. Two bacterial isolates used in this study were recovered from Haldia oil refinery sites and identified as Pseudomo...

enterprise resources planning (erp) systems are widespread software packages created to supply the information integrated development within various parts of organizations such as production, finance, and human resources. indeed, enterprise resources planning system is a software and hardware package by which organizations are able to manage the efficiency and effectiveness of using the resourc...