The contract for private investment in the establishment of refineries crude oil refining is one essential contracts light development taking place transformational industries. It considered basic pillars countries hosting investment, which prompted most to issue legislation attract and organize its procedures. In Iraq, Law No. 64 year was issued 2007 amended give a large space investing compan...

Pollution by crude oil is wide spread and a common problem, and particularly endemic in countries whose economies are dependent on the oil industry. Such pollution arises either accidentally or operationally wherever oil is produced, transported, stored, processed or used. Benzene contamination of soil may also occur due to oil production facilities and coastal refineries. This problem arises b...

Oil well stimulation, usually done with hot solutions of hydrochloric acid, may induce severe corrosion attack on production tubing, downhole tools and casing. Inorganic, organic and combinations of acids along with surfactants are used in a variety of well stimulation treatments. To reduce the aggressive attack of the acid on tubing and casing materials (N80 steel), inhibitors are added to the...

in the present research, nonlinear vibration in a coupled system of boron-nitride nano-tube reinforced composite (bnntrc) oil pipes is studied. single-walled boron-nitride nano-tubes (swbnnts) are arranged in a longitudinal direction inside poly-vinylidene fluoride (pvdf) matrix. damping and shearing effects of surrounded medium are taken into account by visco-pasternak model. based on piezoele...

Oil and Energy TrendsVolume 47, Issue 11 p. 9-16 SURVEY Middle Eastern refining comes of age First published: 16 November 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/oet.12961Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare text full-text accessPlease review our Terms Conditions Use check box below share version article.I have read acc...

On 9 October 2001 two US oil companies Chevron and Texaco merged. Their long-term joint venture operation, known as Caltex (formed in 1936 and operating in East and Southern Africa, Middle East, Asia and Australasia), was incorporated into the one global energy company. This global enterprise will be highly competitive across all energy sectors, as the new company brings together a wealth of ta...

The spill of Crude oil from artisanal refineries and government owned pipelines has become recurrent situation in the Niger Delta, leading to devastating effects on aquatic ecosystem. toxicity NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation) refinery selected Bolo, Twon-Brass Ekpemu Delta were investigated. physicochemical properties products short fall standards for refineries, as they contained...

oily wastewaters from oil refineries and oil distribution centers are one of the most important environmental concerns in recent decades; therefore, it is critical to treat these types of wastewaters. in this study, the performance of different polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes in oily wastewaters treatment was investigated and the effects of operating conditions such as transmembrane pre...

Continuous increase in oil pricing is not only causing difficulties to consumer but the imbalance in demand and supply is impacting the producer and refineries also. Consumer may adjust the demand dynamically as per the price fluctuation but oil major cannot change the production so dynamically. The recommended solution is the latest technology which could optimize the production, meeting the i...