A piston piezoelectric (PZT) pump has many advantages for the use of light actuators. How to deal with contradiction between intermittent oil supplying and position control precision is essential when designing controller. In order accurately output actuator, a backstepping sliding-mode method based on Lyapunov function introduced, controller designed basis establishing mathematical model syste...

Swelling/extraction tests are single-contact phase-behavior experiments to measure the solubility of CO2 dissolved in crude oil and the amount of hydrocarbon that CO2 can extract or vaporize from crude oil. The tests are commonly conducted in a visual PVT cell with a large sample size (40-100cc). In this paper, an easy operated apparatus capable of determining phase behavior with a significantl...