Although early experiences indicate that the maturity of deployed technology might not be sufficient for operating wind farms in large scale far away from shore, the rapid development of offshore wind energy is in full progress. Driven by the demand of customers and the pressure to keep pace with competitors, offshore wind turbine manufacturers continuously develop larger wind turbines instead ...

This paper reveals that logistics may conservatively amount to 18% of the levelized cost of energy for offshore wind farms. This is the key finding from an extensive case study carried out within the organization of the world’s leading offshore wind farm developer and operator. The case study aimed to, and produced, a number of possible opportunities for offshore wind cost reductions through lo...

Slow release formulations of the anionic herbicide sulfosulfuron (SFS) were prepared by incorporating it in micelles of an organic cation octadecyltrimethylammonium, which adsorb on the clay-mineral montmorillonite. The fraction of SFS adsorbed on the micelle-clay complex reached 98%, whereas for monomer-clay complexes, its adsorption was insignificant. Fluorescence studies showed surface conta...

We report on the synthesis, microstructure and mass transport properties of a colloidal hydrogel self-assembled from a mixture of colloidal silica and nontronite clay plates at different particle concentrations. The gel-structure had uniaxial long-range anisotropy caused by alignment of the clay particles in a strong external magnetic field. After gelation the colloidal silica covered the clay ...

Offshore wind is the logical next step in the development of wind energy. With higher wind speeds offshore and the fact that turbines can be placed out of sight, offshore wind helps increase the amount of renewable energy signifi cantly. Offshore wind has been developed through pilot projects in the 1990s and has seen commercial development over the last decade. This chapter shows the developme...

The effect of choosing a non-standard operating frequency on the equipment and infrastructure costs of an offshore AC network is investigated. The offshore AC network considered is similar in design to the European SuperGrid “SuperNode”. It is designed to connect several large wind arrays to multiple HVDC converters throughwhich power may be transmitted to shore. As the offshore AC network is i...

In this paper, the application of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) combined with a set of criteria analysis for the selection of appropriate sites for the development offshore wind energy in Taiwan is presented. The Fuzzy AHP was first conducted to rank the importance and identify the key factors of offshore wind energy successfully. From the numerical results, eight key factors...

Risks evaluation is critical for the success of IT offshore outsourcing. Based on fuzzy group decision-making (FGDM) and variable precision fuzzy rough set (VPFRS), this article proposes a new integrated model, variable precision fuzzy rough group decision-making (VPFRGDM), to evaluate the risk in IT offshore outsourcing. This model can improve the capability to handle potential errors fairness...

Offshore information systems (IS) project team structures are often treated as given in extant IS research and there is little insight about what criteria should be used to structure these teams. In this study we sought to understand how IS project risks shape the structure of project teams in offshoring. Drawing on the IS project risk literature, we predicted that social and technical subsyste...

We investigated the risk factors of outsourced software development. Our first objective was to create empirically generated lists of risk factors for both domesticallyand offshore-outsourced projects. Our second objective was to compare these two contexts: how do the risk factors change and which ones are most important in each. To address these objectives, we conducted two Delphi surveys to i...