the increasing consumption of electricity in iran is one of the greatest concerns of the government. using the subsidy-based pricing system is one of the main reasons of improper pattern of residential electricity consumption that has imposed great cost over the government due to the increased number of consumers and their improper way of consuming electricity. in this paper, we analyze the fac...

This paper empirically measures the integration of the asset market of commercial real estate by studying the respective explanatory power of three types of variables – macroeconomic conditions, local market conditions, and property attributes – for property transaction cap rates. Results from analyzing about 10,000 sales of institutional grade commercial properties from 1977 to 2012 indicate t...

background: although cockroaches are mechanical vector of many pathogens, still biological transmission of pathogens via these insects is controversial. more covenant immune defense in the hemolymph of cockroaches may take this ad­vantage to block any adaptation of pathogens regarding to biological transmission. lectin molecules in hemolymph of in­sects play as mediators of nonself recognition,...

We examine the relation between firms’ real earnings management decisions and the slack in their net worth debt covenant. Using private debt covenant data, we find that the overall level of real earnings management is higher when net worth covenant slack is tighter. Moreover, we find that this effect is more pronounced for loan-years with the tightest slack, which is a setting where benefits of...

Abductive reasoning, that is, finding an explanation for a set of observations, can be understood as a process of sequentially understanding and integrating new observations into a mental model about the current situation (Johnson & Krems, 2001; Josephson & Josephson, 1994). Whereas Johnson and Krems’ model focuses on conscious deliberate processes, it has been argued that automatic implicit pr...

Recent theoretical and empirical work suggests that explanation and categorization are intimately related. This paper explores the hypothesis that explanations can help structure conceptual representations, and thereby influence the relative importance of features in categorization decisions. In particular, features may be differentially important depending on the role they play in explaining o...

the present study aims to offer a constructivist/realistic vision toward the nature and elements of science according to the historical evolution of philosophical perspectives on science. this is done with the aim of revising in science education. according to the findings obtained by this study a two-dimensional model is proposed for explaining elements of science and the related essential cha...