Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are important tools for climatological research. These models approximate the solution to the governing equations to predict horizontal velocity components, temperature, salinity, and other chosen parameters. The GFDL OGCM, or Modular Ocean Model (MOM), is an example of such a code. This code was originally developed at the Geophysical Fluids Dynamics La...

Most of the Southern Ocean (SO) is marginally stably stratified and thus prone to enhanced convection and possibly bottom-water formation whenever the upper ocean is cooled or made more saline by ice formation. Sea ice modifies the heat and freshwater fluxes, which in turn constitute a critical surface condition in this sensitive region of intense vertical exchange. The authors investigate the ...

Estimating the potential of transitive economies it is essential to understand not only what the perspectives are but as well which strategy to follow to get the most considerable results. This paper proposes a strategy which can help countries like China, Russia etc. The purpose of this article is to present the way for further development that is based on the powerful tool for growth and sust...

s on the topic of Cabled Ocean Observatories submitted for

A central task of physical oceanography is the prediction of ocean circulation at various time scales. Mathematical techniques are used in this domain not only for the modeling of ocean circulation but also for the enhancement of simulation through data assimilation. The ocean circulation model of concern here, namely, HYCOM, is briefly presented through its variables, equations, and specific v...

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