OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the rates of obstetrical anal sphincter tears (OASIS) between types of obstetrical care providers at Kingston General Hospital (KGH) and in Ontario via the Better Outcomes Registry Network (BORN). METHODS This cross-sectional study collected patient, demographic, and delivery data from all vaginal deliveries at KGH from June 2011 to June 2014 and all vaginal ...

The scapula is a somewhat mobile structure which, although fixed to the thoracic cage both by muscular and skeletal attachments, can change position with regards to the underlying chest wall [1]. The Scapulothoracic position is maintained by both muscles (serratus, rhomboids etc) and the clavicle which itself attaches laterally to the scapula (acromioclavicular joint) and medially to the chest ...

Pediatric trauma surgeons frequently encounter severe injuries from animal bites, with dog bites being especially prevalent in children, often leading to facial injuries. This paper details the case of a six-year-old male who suffered bite resulting rare proximal right brachial artery injury. The caused deep lacerations and avulsion injuries, prompting admission center, where nonpalpable radial...

An aggressive and integrated physical and occupational therapy program is essential in the treatment of congenital brachial plexus injuries and other severe upper extremity nerve injuries. This article addresses the evaluation, identification of needs, establishment of goals, and the approaches to rehabilitation treatment for patients with brachial plexus palsy and other peripheral nerve injuri...

PURPOSE The determination of the pattern of traumatic vascular injuries of the upper extremity in Iran was the aim of this study. METHODS Data of the Iranian national trauma project were used to identify patients with upper extremity vascular injuries. This project was conducted in 8 major cities from 2000-2004. RESULTS A total of 113 cases with 130 vascular injuries were found, including 2...

Scapulo-thoracic dissociation is an infrequent injury resulting from high energy trauma which is often associated with severe neurological and vascular injuries which may be unrecognised at the time of presentation. A 24 year-old female presented with bilateral rib fractures, pneumothorax, liver and kidney injuries following a road traffic accident. She also sustained fractures of her right sca...

Interscalene brachial plexus block provides effective anesthesia and analgesia for shoulder surgery. One of the disadvantages of this technique is the risk of hemidiaphragmatic paresis, which can occur as a result of phrenic nerve block and can cause a decrease in the pulmonary function, limiting the use of the block in patients with reduced functional residual capacity or a preexisting pulmona...

Obstetrical paralysis after a difficult labour is usually attributed to tearing or stretching of the nerve trunks of the brachial plexus or to avulsion of nerve roots from the spinal cord. Injury to the cord itself, however, is not excessively rare (Ford, 1960), the principal findings at necropsy being subdural or extradural haemorrhage, laceration or rupture of the cord, or a haematomyelia. In...

Brachial plexopathies, where traction or compressive forces disrupt motor and sensory nerve conduction, are the most common nerve injuries in collision sports. Athletes frequently do not report these episodes, however, predisposing the brachial plexus to recurrent trauma. The purpose of this study was to identify how multiple injuries to the brachial plexus affects shoulder strength and proprio...

OBJECTIVE Brachial plexus injury may be unrelated to manipulations performed at the time of delivery, occurring in the absence of shoulder dystocia and in the posterior arm of infants with anterior shoulder dystocia. To further support the hypothesis that some of these nerve injuries appear to be of intrauterine origin, we present a series of brachial plexus palsies associated with atraumatic c...