Surgeons, like other clinicians, are obliged to keep up-to-date with the rapidly expanding knowledge. The information explosion particularly in the electronic media, methodological problems associated with clinical trials in surgery and failure to appraise critically the existing knowledge has made application of high quality evidence in surgical decision-making difficult. This article examines...

In Finland, all fatal traffic accidents are investigated by a group of experts in related areas of technical, medical, psychological, police etc. experts. This investigation is done independent of all the juristic processes, though relevant police material is available. The main purpose of the analysis is to find preventive methods for future use. A special organization, financed by mandatory t...

was obliged to resort to version, seeing that in these cases I could get no skilled assistance, being, when in Forfarshire, often from fifteen to twenty miles from home. This latter operation, of course, had to be as a rule performed under not very favourable circumstances, and the results, in my hands at least, were not very encouraging as regards the fcetus. Of twelve cases of version in my f...

The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are gathering information or data from different sensors nodes sent in remote areas and after that transmitted to a focal controller which then oversees and controls this information. Wireless communications for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is obliged to applications where wired correspondences to the remote site a...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of infected sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes. The protozoa is obliged intracellularly and causes a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes: VL ('kala azar'), cutaneous leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia). Kala azar is the most aggressive form and if untreated causes hig...

Cosmetic producers are obliged to guarantee the safety and stability of their products. The current legal regulations are based on the European Union Directive (1223/2009) of 30 November 2009. The main aim of the directive is to formulate criteria of safety of a cosmetic product and requirements that it must meet to be placed on the market. A new cosmetic product is subjected to thorough invest...

One of the main global ecological problems is contamination of the natural environment by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Polichlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a group of compounds that belongs to this family of pollutants. Poland, as a European Union member and signatory of international agreements concerning environmental protection, is obliged to regulate the law and intensify work on th...

A sepoy, 2nd Regiment M. N. I., aged 42, service 21 years, had been lately under treatment for fever of a continued type with himbrici, and after being discharged from Hospital 20 days was suddenly attacked, after his evening meal, with such dyspnoea and violent coughing that lie was obliged to go to the Kegimental Hospital, whero he was admitted under the head of bronchitis, and after 6 days w...

The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are gathering information or data from different sensors nodes sent in remote areas and after that transmitted to a focal controller which then oversees and controls this information. Wireless communications for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is obliged to applications where wired correspondences to the remote site a...

The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are gathering information or data from different sensors nodes sent in remote areas and after that transmitted to a focal controller which then oversees and controls this information. Wireless communications for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is obliged to applications where wired correspondences to the remote site a...