while learners’ ability to speak academic language develops over time in content-based programs, the development of their nonacademic language appears to lag behind. students’ speaking in content-based (cb) classrooms is confined to an academic discourse style. in the researchers’ point of view, the gap of less amount of nonacademic speaking can be bridged by the application of the conceptual f...

The perception of ensemble characteristics is often regarded as an antidote to an established bottleneck in focused attention and working memory, both of which appear to be limited in capacity to a few objects only. In order to test the associative law of summation, observers were asked to estimate the mean size of four circles relative to a reference circle. When there was no time to scrutiniz...

In this thesis I explore the nature and properties of scrambling in Korean. Contrary to the widely accepted view that scrambling is truly optional, I propose that scrambling is a consequence of case-driven obligatory movement, a proposal consistent with the "last resort" condition on movement in [Chomsky 1991] and [Chomsky 1992]. I assume that scrambling is adjunction and defend this view in Ch...

A formalism for ~he representation of "semantic emphases" is introduced, using principal and accessory instantiatiQns. It m~es it possible to convert predicate expressions inbo network-like structures. As an application criteria for ooligatory and optional actants are dealt with. 11 ~ 12, t I ~ t2, t I starts t2, t I finishes t 2 etco (Allen (1984); Bier-winch (1988) for the general framework)....

Recently, we introduced in [1] a model for product adoption in social networks with multiple products, where the agents, influenced by their neighbours, can adopt one out of several alternatives (products). To analyze these networks we introduce social network games in which product adoption is obligatory. We show that when the underlying graph is a simple cycle, there is a polynomial time algo...

In this paper obligatory hybrid networks of evolutionary processors (a variant of hybrid networks of evolutionary processors model) are proposed. In the obligatory hybrid network of evolutionary processors a node discards the strings to which no operations are applicable. We show that such networks have the same computability power as Turing machines only using one operation per node (deletion ...

SILBER, SHERMAN, AND RICHARD L. MALVIN. Compensatory and obligatory renal growth in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 226(l) : 114-l 17. 1974.-Renal size and function were studied in three groups of rats in an attempt to gain information relating to the control of renal size. One group consisted of normal rats into which a third kidney was transplanted; a second group consisted of unilaterally nephrectomiz...

The present study was planned to investigate the efficiency of explicit teaching and adequacy of the L2 learners' exposure to L2 input in academic contexts in Iran. The case at hand was the acquisition of referential, quasi and expletive subject pronouns, as three different types of obligatory subjects in English. 96 Iranian EFL learners were selected from two universities in Isfahan. They were...