Bilevel programs are optimization problems which have a subset of their variables constrained to be an optimal solution of another problem parameterized by the remaining variables. They have been applied to decentralized planning problems involving a decision process with a hierarchical structure. This paper considers the linear fractional/quadratic bilevel programming (LFQBP) problem, in which...

This paper presents a linear fractional programming problem (LFPP) with rough interval coefficients (RICs) in the objective function. It shows that LFPP RICs function can be converted into (LPP) by using variable transformations. To solve this problem, we will make two LPP (ICs). Next, those four LPPs constructed under these assumptions; solved classical simplex method and used MS Excel Solver....