Fish were maintained in sea water equilibrated with a gas mixture containing a non-equilibrium mixture of the three molecular species of oxygen, O18-O 18 (mass 36), O18-O t6 (mass 34), and Ole-O 16 (mass 32). Analyses in the mass spectrometer, of the gases secreted into the swim-bladder showed that no change in the relative abundance of these three molecular species had occurred during the secr...

Can research findings change political leaders’ beliefs and policies? We use experiments with 2,150 Brazilian municipalities to measure mayors’ demand for response information. In one experiment, we find that mayors are willing pay learn the results of evaluation studies, update their when informed findings. They value larger-sample studies more, while not distinguishing between in rich poor co...

Today, globalization and integration processes in the economy have a significant impact on industrial development of cities regions. The purpose article is to analyze substantiate directions industry Kharkiv region context based competitive approach. article, study leading scientific publications content analysis statistical information, reveals peculiarities region's industry. research used se...

We posit that autocrats introduce local elections when their bureaucratic capacity is low. Local exploit citizens’ informational advantage in keeping officials accountable, but they also weaken vertical control. As increases, the autocrat limits role of elected bodies to regain argue these insights can explain introduction village rural China and subsequent erosion autonomy years later. constru...