Conventional models of energy utilization by animals, based on partitioning metabolizable energy (ME) intake or net energy (NE), are reviewed. The limitations of these methods are discussed, including various experimental, analytical and conceptual problems. Variation in the marginal efficiency of utilizing energy can be attributed to various factors: diet nutrient composition; animal effects o...

Anaerobic rumen microorganisms mainly bacteria, protozoa and fungi degrade ligno-cellulosic feeds consumed by the ruminants. The ruminants in developing countries are predominantly maintained on low grade roughage and grazing on degraded range land resulting in their poor nutrient utilization and productivity. Hence, manipulation of rumen fermentation was tried during last two decades to optimi...

In the production of summer maize, problems excessive fertilizer input and low utilization rate are common, resulting in waste resources environmental pollution. order to explore optimal fertilization mode a field experiment with eight treatments was designed which sowing were carried out by different machines. The effects two methods, i.e., hole strip fertilization; positions, side-position po...