with the introduction of communicative language teaching, a large number of studies have concerned with students’ oral participation in language classrooms. although the importance of classroom participation is evident, some language learners are unwilling to engage in oral activities. this passivity and unwillingness to participate in language classroom discussions is known as “reticence”. rev...

Introduction: Parasitic contaminations disturb human health through different ways. One of this ways is malnutrition. The aim of this study is to determination of parasitic contamination in consuming vegetables in Kerman city. Methods: This study was performed at first half-time in 1386 and it is a crosssectional study. Samples of vegetables were collected from 30 stories out of 70 stories an...

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...