BACKGROUND Nulliparity is an obstetric high-risk group whose labor, compared with multiparae, are more likely to develop labor abnormalities that requires intervention. The aim of this report is todetermine factors that influence vaginal delivery in nulliparae. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was done on 286 eligible booked nulliparae in labor, to determine factors a...

I recently removed a Mirena® intrauterine system (IUS) from a lady who had a tight nulliparous cervix. I had to pull on the threads fairly fi rmly to get the IUS to come out from the cervix. When the IUS came out I noticed that the levonorgestrel-containing cylinder had become displaced and was near the top of the ‘arms’ of the IUS (Figure 1). I have never dilated a cervix for an IUS/ intrauter...

BACKGROUND Detection of women at risk for dystocia will allow physicians to make preparations and treatment decisions that can minimize maternal and neonatal morbidity. We aimed to determine the risk factors for dystocia in nulliparous women. METHODS This case series enrolled 447 nulliparous women who presented with a single pregnancy in the vertex presentation and gestational age of 38-42 we...

Patient, aged 20 years, was admitted to the State Zenana Hospital, with an enlarged and distended abdomen. The history of the illness was that she was married at the age of 15 years. Menstruation started at 16, when she complained of an enlargement in the abdomen starting from the right iliac fossa, with irregular menses, twice or thrice a month. In a couple of years the enlargement attained th...

BACKGROUND Induction of labour is associated with increased risk for caesarean delivery among nulliparous women. The aims of this study were to evaluate the risk factors for caesarean delivery and to investigate the risk of maternal and neonatal infections in nulliparous women undergoing induction of labour by Foley catheter. METHODS This clinical retrospective study of 432 nulliparous women ...

BACKGROUND We examined the association of maternal obesity with risk of stillbirth, focusing on whether the pattern of results varied by gestational age or maternal race-ethnicity or parity. METHODS Analyses included 4,012 stillbirths and 1,121,234 liveborn infants delivered in California from 2007-2010. We excluded stillbirths due to congenital anomalies, women with hypertensive disorders or...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the role of the pelvic floor muscles between nulliparous and multiparous women in the third trimester of pregnancy, by analyzing the relationship between electrical activity (surface electromyography-EMG), vaginal palpation (modified Oxford scale), and perineal distensibility (Epi-no). METHODS This was an observational cross-sectional study...

Epidemiologic studies have established that pregnancy has a bidirectional, time-dependent effect on breast cancer risk; a period of elevated risk is followed by a long-term period of protection. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether pregnancy and involution are associated with gene expression changes in the normal breast, and whether such changes are transient or persistent....

OBJECTIVES To assess the urethral vascularity in continent women using colour doppler high frequency endovaginal ultrasonography (EVUS). METHODS We recruited 61 continent women attending gynaecology clinics between July and October 2009. Exclusion criteria included symptoms of urinary incontinence, voiding dysfunction, pelvic organ prolapse or urinary tract infection. The participants underwe...

BACKGROUND In women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) it has been observed that during pregnancy a majority of patients experience amelioration, but after delivery a relapse of the disease is common. However, there are few studies, with diverging results, addressing the effect of parity on the severity of RA over time. Our aim was to explore the impact of parity, with stratification for anti-citru...