Purpose The association between long-acting insulin analogs and increased breast cancer risk is uncertain, particularly with the short follow-up in previous studies. We assessed this risk long term in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods A population-based cohort of women 40 years or older, all of whom were treated with long-acting (glargine, detemir) or neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin ...

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease with significant risk for developing late complications. Objectives: This study aimed to determine if the discharge NPH and regular insulin doses of conventional therapy protocol in which optimal glycemic control can be achieved are similar at beginning or not. In other words, we compare two injection methods on type diabetes. Patients Meth...

OBJECTIVE To compare the overall efficacy of combination therapies focused on fasting or postprandial blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes not adequately controlled with oral sulfonylurea agents alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 135 patients were randomly assigned for 3 months to 1 of 3 combination regimens with glyburide (G) that addressed postprandial blood glucose wit...

OBJECTIVE To assess the role of adiposity on the pharmacodynamics of basal insulins NPH, detemir, and glargine in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as estimated by glucose infusion rate (GIR) and endogenous glucose production (EGP) rate in the euglycemic clamp. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the variables that best predicted GIR and EGP in 32-h clamp studies after treatment with subcu...

BACKGROUND Compared to conventional human basal insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn; NPH) the long-acting analogue insulin glargine (GLA) is associated with a number of advantages regarding metabolic control, hypoglycaemic events and convenience. However, the unit costs of GLA exceed those of NPH. This study aims to systematically review the economic evidence comparing GLA with NPH in basal-bol...

Theoretical pharmacokinetic advantages and methodological flaws: glargine is not superior to NPH insulin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus To the Editor, We have read with great interest the recent article by Rollin and collaborators (1) concerning the use of glargine and NPH insulin in children (0-8 years old) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We would like to comment on the contex...

Insulin pharmacokinetics following subcutaneous administration were modeled, simulated, and displayed through an interactive and user-friendly interface to illustrate the time course of administered insulins frequently prescribed, providing a simple tool for clinicians through a straightforward visualization of insulin regimens. Pharmacokinetic data of insulin formulations with different onset ...

BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are bone marrow-derived cells which can undergo differentiation into endothelial cells and participate in endothelial repair and angiogenesis. Insulin facilitates this in vitro mediated by the IGF-1 receptor. Clinical trials showed that the number of circulating EPCs is influenced by glucose control and EPC are a predictor of cardiovascular death. T...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of insulin analogues versus human insulin in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected data on pregnant women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who were attended at the Diabetes and Pregnancy Unit between January 1998 and April 2008 (N=351). Two hundred and forty one patients were treated with regular...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors versus intermediate-acting insulin for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and poor glycaemic control despite treatment with two oral agents. SETTING Studies were multicentre and multinational. PARTICIPANTS Ten studies including 2967 patients with T2DM. INTERVENTIONS Studies that examin...