Urban O3 is produced by photochemical chain reactions that amplify background O3 in mixtures of gaseous nitrogen oxides (NOx) and organic molecules. Current thinking treats NOx and organics as independent variables that limit O3 production depending on the NOx to organic ratio; in this paradigm, reducing organics either has no effect or reduces O3. We describe a theoretical counterexample where...

This study investigated the potential contribution of nitric oxide (NOx) production to enhanced fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis in patients with diabetes. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HbF, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), plasma glucose levels, and serum NOx concentrations were measured in 350 diabetics and 125 healthy subjects. There were no significant correlations between HbF an...

There has been renewed interest in evaluating the effect of biomass co-firing on the multi-pollutant control system such as Selective Non-catalytic Reduction (SNCR) and oxygen enrichment. Emissions savings have been attained by combining SNCR and biomasscoal co-combustion under various oxygen enriched staged air levels. Biomasses with higher tendency of generating CO produced better reduction i...

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) is responsible for troposphere ozone and urban smog through photochemical reactions. The rapid economic growth and unlimited consumption of fossil fuels have resulted in large emissions of NOx. Due to the adverse environmental effects, environmental regulatory agencies are compelled to enforce stringent NOx emission standards. Recently promulgated Clean Air Interstate R...

Data collected during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in the Baltimore Washington region were used to evaluate CO and NOx emissions in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The average emissions ratio for the region was seen to be 11.2 ± 1.2 mol CO/mol NOx, 21% higher than that predicted by the NEI. Comparisons between in situ and remote observations and CMAQ model output show agreement i...

Physiological levels of ROS support neurite outgrowth and axonal specification, but the mechanisms by which ROS are able to shape neurons remain unknown. Ca2+, a broad intracellular second messenger, promotes both Rac1 activation and neurite extension. Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by both the IP3R1 and ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels, requires physiological ROS levels...

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of one monoterpene (α-pinene) and two sesquiterpenes (longifolene and aromadendrene) is investigated in the Caltech environmental chambers. The effect of NOx on SOA formation for these biogenic hydrocarbons is evaluated by performing photooxidation experiments under varying NOx conditions. The NOx dependence of α-pinene SOA forma...

The OH oxidation of α-pinene under both lowand high-NOx environments was studied in the Caltech atmospheric chambers. Ozone was kept low to ensure OH was the oxidant. The initial α-pinene concentration was 20–50 ppb to ensure that the dominant peroxy radical pathway under low-NOx conditions is reaction with HO2, produced from reaction of OH with H2O2, and under high-NOx conditions, reactions wi...

Solid-state electrochemical sensors using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and oxide sensing electrode (SE) were fabricated and examined for NOx detection at high temperatures. Among various single-oxide SEs examined, NiQSE for the mixed-potential-type NOx sensor was found to exhibit rather high sensitivity to N@ even in the high temperature range of 800900°C. This sensor showed quicker respons...

Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the etiology of all severe vascular pathologies, such as atherosclerosis. NADPH oxidases (Nox) are a class of multicomponent enzymes whose unique function is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular cells and in circulating immune cells interacting with blood vessels. Physiological production of Nox-derived ROS contributes to the...