1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...

chapter one is devotod to collect some notion and background informations, which are needed in the next chapters. it also contains some important statements which will be proved in a more general context later in this thesis. in chapter two, we show that if the marginal factor-group is of order np1...pk,n>1, then we obtain a bound for the order of the verbal subgroup. also a bound for the bear-...

Perpetual growth and sustainable economic development necessitates optimal use production resources. Meanwhile, one of the most pivotal and critical resources of any country’s growth and development are human resources. Human resources play a dual role in economic planning as both the factor and goal of development. As the issues related to human resources have both economic and non-economic as...

abstract: one of the most visited & important spaces in different countries by tourist are urban areas. the old tehran which major part is located in district 12 is historical showcase of the capital, but, its hiidden cultural attraction is not used as it should be. this thesis occasionally engage in studying the efficacy of correct installation of travel guide boards in welfare & easily acc...

the present dissertation aims to investigate four-word lexical bundles in applied linguistics research articles by iranian and internationally-published writers. the aims of this study are two-fold: first of all, attempts have been made to create a comprehensive list of the most commonly used four-word lexical bundles categorized by their type and token frequency, their structural characteristi...

the following question poped up: is there any relationship between iranian high school efl learners reading comprehension and listening comprehension? then the following null hypothesis (ho) was developed to the test the above, mentioned question. "there is no relationship between high school efl learners reading comprehension and listening comprehension. for nearly 16 weeks, the experimental g...

The historical city of Tawwaj, in the northern hinterland of the Persian Gulf, has long been one of Iran's most recognized cities. The boom of this city was during the period of Buyids, but then it quickly deteriorated. There is now nothing left of this town except a name in ancient texts and even the ruins of the city are unknown. This article examines the birth and continuity of this city and...

Introduction: In the present era, information is the main factor; base of economical and social development of countries plays an important role in the field of human activities, innovation and development. This study has been done with the purpose to investigate the relationship between IT adoption with organizational innovation and professional development of Urmia employees. Method: Th...

in this thesis, we exploit a simple and suitable method for immobilization of copper(ii) complex of 4?-phenyl-terpyridine on activated multi-walled carbon nanotubes [amwcnts-o-cu(ii)-phtpy]. this nanostructure was characterized by various physico-chemical techniques. to ensure the efficiency and fidelity of copper species, the implementation of three-component strategies in click-chemistry all...