Injury to the perineum, whether from episiotomy or spontaneous laceration, may result in loss of vaginal or rectal tone and/or anal incontinence. External anal sphincter defects can be identifi ed by endoanal ultrasound in 20% to 53% of women after normal vaginal delivery, a possible risk factor for anal incontinence that will be subsequently reported in 4% to 50% of cases. Flatal incontinence ...

Background: Dystocia is the most common indication of primary cesarean section. The most common cause of dystocia is uterine dysfunction. In prolonged labor, more attention is usually paid to the fetus and pelvis rather than to the role of uterine contractions in a delivery. Therefore, we decided to determine the relationship between the labor progress and uterine contractions shapes.Methods: I...

OBJECTIVE To estimate changes in levator hiatal dimensions after childbirth in women with and without ultrasonographically visible morphological abnormalities of the levator ani and to correlate those changes with delivery mode. METHODS A total of 296 nulliparous women were recruited. They were examined with four-dimensional translabial ultrasonography at 36-38 weeks of gestation and at 3-4 m...

OBJECTIVES Breastfeeding has positive effects for both, the mother and the infant. The purpose of the study was to ex-amine how cesarean delivery and vaginal delivery influenced subsequent breastfeeding. The study was conducted at the Kırıkkale University Medical School. MATERIAL AND METHODS Breastfeeding outcomes after an elective cesarean delivery and after a planned vaginal delivery were c...

OBJECTIVE This paper aims to study if vaginal breech delivery is associated with increased risk for neonatal mortality (NNM) or cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway where vaginal delivery accounts for 1/3 of all breech deliveries. DESIGN Cohort study using information from the national Medical BirthRegister and Cerebral Palsy Register. SETTING Births in Norway 1999-2009. PARTICIPANTS 520 047 ter...

background: cesarean section (c-section) in the north of iran accounts for 70% of childbirths, which is higher than the national average of 55%. understanding women’s perceptions towards modes of delivery in different cultures can pave the way for promoting programs and policies in support of vaginal delivery. we aimed to investigate women’s perceptions towards modes of delivery in the north of...

BACKGROUND The scar tissue formed by episiotomy during vaginal delivery, and the related pain, is very frequent. The change in the normal anatomy can cause cosmetic and physiologic problems. It can affect and cause deterioration in sexual functions. Therefore, making the right diagnosis and applying the right surgical procedures are very important. AIMS Our aim was to examine the effect of th...

introduction: postpartum depression is a common mood disorder in the reproductive periods of women which can have negative effects on the mental health of the family and cognitive and emotional development of the baby. therefore, diagnosing effective factors is important for preventting postpartum depression. the purpose of this study was to compare the postpartum depression after vaginal deliv...