PURPOSE To investigate hemodynamic response to volume replacement with saline solution and hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch in hypovolemic dogs. METHODS Forty dogs under general anesthesia and hemodynamic monitoring, following measurements at baseline, were bled 20 ml x Kg(-1) and parameters were measured again after 10 minutes. The animals were randomly divided in two groups and volume replace...

PURPOSE In reconstructive procedures harvested bone grafts are often temporarily stored in extraoral media while the recipient site is prepared. The aim of the present study was to analyze histomorphometrically osteocytes in calvarial bone grafts stored in either physiologic saline solution or platelet-poor plasma (PPP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Calvarial bone fragments were obtained from 12 rab...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of oral decontamination with 2% chlorhexidine solution for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). DESIGN Randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis. SETTING A tertiary care university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation and who were hospitalized in intensive care units ...

Objective To evaluate the effects of heparin saline versus normal saline as locking solution for maintaining patency in peripheral venous catheters in Chinese patients. Methods This open-label, randomized controlled study was conducted in two hepatobiliary surgery wards, where patients received identical treatments, at a tertiary referral hospital. Patients were randomly divided into a normal s...

The aim of the present study was to compare the immediate and delayed locomotor response to high-dose nicotine (NIC) administration in rats. The vertical and horizontal activity of behavior in adult male rats exposed to 1 mg/kg NIC or saline (SAL) were tested in a Laboras apparatus for one hour after drug application. Animals were then returned to their cages and housed for another seven days. ...

The subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of three opioid mu-receptor agonists were studied in healthy volunteers using a cumulative-dosing procedure. Sixteen volunteers with no history of drug abuse received i.v. injections of saline (SAL), morphine (MOR), hydromorphone (HM), or meperidine (MEP) in a randomized double-blind crossover design. Subjects received 1 injection/h for the...

Alfentanil, a rapidly acting opioid, was given in subanesthetic doses to 10 subjects in a laboratory setting. Analgesia was assessed from the subjects' responses to painful dental stimulation. A subjective pain report (PR) and brain evoked potential (EP) amplitude were obtained repeatedly before and after injection on each of 4 testing days, on which the following intravenous doses were adminis...