In recent years farmers, veterinary surgeons, and consumers have all shown increasing awareness of pain in cattle (and its associated negative welfare impacts), accordingly there is increased focus on the use analgesia following painful procedures, such as disbudding castration. Calving a necessary event for cows their calves, painful; however, pain-relief not routinely provided, particularly t...

In India, any prescription generally has an NSAID. According to our knowledge many of the studies were done on NSAID’s hence, present study is carried out know usage and prescribing patterns NSAID’s. The information generated from might be supportive communicate with prescribers advice various gaps noticed for improving best patient outcomes, also helps in outlining further studies. Thus it ult...

It has been known that a variety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria (1-5). Adams and Cobb (2) have studied whether or not the inhibition of inflammation by non-steroidal drugs was related to their in vitro capacity to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. Whitehouse (6) has made an extensive survey on this problem. We have reported that...

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are an immune mediated chronic or relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBD is characterized by a chronic intestinal inflammatory process with various components contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease including environmental factors such as smoking or use of Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS). NSAIDS are among the most com...