for banks and financial institutions, credit risk had been an essential factor that needed to be managed well. credit risk was the possibility that a borrower of counter party would fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. credit risk; therefore arise from the bank’s dealings with or lending to corporate, individuals, and other banks or financial institutions.  credit risk...

The paper studies the effects of non-exclusivity of credit card contracts on the provision of insurance through the institution of personal bankruptcy. In our model, lenders can continually observe borrower’s time-varying creditworthiness and provide credit to them by undercutting (poaching) the existing lender(s). Contracts are non-exclusive and, to rollover their debt, borrowers may accept mu...

Interest rate shocks have a large impact on economic activities in emerging markets. This paper argues that this finding can be associated with credit market imperfections affecting principally non-tradable activities. Using a new database on sectoral output and credit markets in emerging economies, I present novel evidence documenting that tradable and non-tradable sectors respond asymmetrical...

background: helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are two major causes of gastroduodenal mocusal damages. the results of the epidemiological studies in relation to interaction between h. pylori and nsaids on the development of mocusal damages are conflicting. the present study was designed to determine the association of h. pylori and nsaids...

In this note, we show on a stylised example how one can hedge Basket Credit Derivatives using a related family of liquid hedging products. Using simple Non-Arbitrage arguments and results from stochastic calculus, we prove that one can build a self-financing portfolio written on Credit Default Swaps which replicates the payoff of a general Credit Derivative.

The past few years have seen a large growth in online peer-to-peer credit markets. Yet the sustainability of these alternate credit markets crucially depends on the ability of lenders to infer borrowers’ credit-worthiness. We examine this ability using a methodology that takes advantage of lenders not observing a borrowers’ true credit score but only seeing an aggregate credit category in the p...

MeDoc has developed cost and payment models suitable for electronic library services. The partners cooperating in the MeDoc service are users, providers and producers of information products. The cost models ooered to the users are various forms of subscription and "pay per view"-purchase. As payment models both credit and debit models are considered suitable for the MeDoc service. Initially on...

background :impact of substance abuse on outcome of hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction (mi) is a frequent question. available studies show disagreements over its impact, thus we performed this study to find a clear answer.   methods : in a cross sectional study, 304 patients (include 152 consecutive opium dependents and equal number of independents) with acute mi admitted to...

The I owe you (IOU) credit network Ripple is one of the most prominent alternatives in the burgeoning field of decentralized payment systems. Ripple’s path-based transactions set it apart from cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Its pseudonymous nature, while still maintaining some regulatory capabilities, has motivated several financial institutions across the world to use Ripple for processing ...