In this work, a fuzzy-logic controller for minimization of the nitrous oxide emission from wastewater treatment plants is developed and tested in a simulation environment. The controller is designed in order to maintain a balance between production and consumption of nitrite by AOB and NOB microorganisms respectively. Thus, accumulation of nitrite is prevented and AOB denitrification, the main ...

Stable nitritation is a critical bottleneck for achieving autotrophic nitrogen removal using the energy-saving mainstream deammonification process. Herein we report a new strategy to wash out both the Nitrospira sp. and Nitrobacter sp. from the treatment of domestic-strength wastewater. The strategy combines sludge treatment using free nitrous acid (FNA) with dissolved oxygen (DO) control in th...

Nitrification in drinking water distribution systems is a common operational problem for many utilities that use chloramines for secondary disinfection. The diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the distribution systems of a pilot-scale chloraminated drinking water treatment system was characterized using terminal restriction fragment length polym...

Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are reverse complementary at least in part to the sequences of other endogenous sense transcripts. Most NATs are transcribed from opposite strands of their sense partners. They regulate sense genes at multiple levels and are implicated in various diseases. Using an improved whole-genome computational pipeline, we identified abundant cis-encoded exon-overlapp...

PURPOSE The electroretinogram (ERG) represents the combination of several distinct cellular processes and conductances. Here, we define the contribution that K+ conductance through Kir4.1 channels makes to the mouse ERG. METHODS To obtain mice expressing different levels of Kir4.1, we mated Kir4.1+/- mice and used PCR to identify Kir4.1+/- and Kir4.1+/+ littermates. In addition, we mated Kir4...

The microbial ecology of the nitrogen cycle in agricultural soils is an issue of major interest. We hypothesized a major effect by farm management systems (mineral versus organic fertilizers) and a minor influence of soil texture and plant variety on the composition and abundance of microbial nitrifiers. We explored changes in composition (16S rRNA gene) of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), bact...

Extremely acidic and metal-rich acid mine drainage (AMD) waters can have severe toxicological effects on aquatic ecosystems. AMD has been shown to completely halt nitrification, which plays an important role in transferring nitrogen to higher organisms and in mitigating nitrogen pollution. We evaluated the gene abundance and diversity of nitrifying microbes in AMD-impacted sediments: ammonia-ox...

Both, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) are commonly used as nitrogen (N) stabilizers, often in agriculture to reduce loss from soils by inhibiting soil nitrification slowing down urea hydrolysis, respectively. The current knowledge gap concerns how microbial communities involved N cycling affected the long-term use of DMPP NBPT. present field ...

In many experiments, a partial nitrification device is initiated with the use of highly active nitrating sludge because large number nitrifying bacteria. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are more adaptable to low-dissolved oxygen environments than nitrite-oxidizing (NOB). NOB activity was inhibited when dissolved (DO) levels were decreased, causing nitrate-nitrogen concentration gradually decre...

In this study, a photo-baffled reactor was operated to assess the performance of microalgal-nitrifying bacteria consortia in treating ammonia with its input concentration up 180 mg-N·L−1. The six-compartment reactor, total effective volume 3.2 L, run continuously for 350 days at 30 °C. Overall, 66 ± 11% removed nitrogen loading rate 0.083 0.011 kg-N·m−3·day−1. addition, long-term, stable partia...