BACKGROUND The use of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) for both breast cancer treatment and risk reduction is increasing. There is no randomized data comparing nipple-sparing mastectomy with standard mastectomy techniques. There is evidence to suggest that ductal and lobular breast cancer arises in the terminal duct/lobular unit (TDLU). This study was undertaken to determine whether TDLUs exist ...

BACKGROUND Nipple pain and damage in breastfeeding mothers are common causes of premature breastfeeding cessation. Peppermint water is popularly used for the prevention of nipple cracks in the North West of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of peppermint water in the prevention of nipple cracks during breastfeeding in comparison with the application of expressed bre...

QUESTION Does warm-up or cool-down (also called warm-down) reduce delayed-onset muscle soreness? DESIGN Randomised controlled trial of factorial design with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-two healthy adults (23 men and 29 women aged 17 to 40 years). INTERVENTION Four equally-sized groups received either warm-up and cool-down, warm-up only, cool-do...

BACKGROUND Numerous techniques have been used to achieve long-term projection of the nipple following nipple-areola reconstruction. However, the reconstructed nipple loses projection over time. We describe a technique that uses local flaps to improve the lost projection of reconstructed nipples. METHODS Between November 2013 and March 2015, nine patients (11 nipples) underwent revisional nipp...

Introduction: Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy (NSM) is a consolidated technique that has been used for years with good aesthetic results. Its indication usually limited by breast size, due to difficulty repositioning the Nipple-Areola Complex (NAC) and treating excess skin in large breasts. The challenge these cases maximize result without increasing risk of necrosis other complications.

Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) have anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is not known if omega-3 supplementation attenuates exercise-induced inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that omega-3 supplementation reduces inflammation that is induced by eccentric arm curl exercise. Healthy adult men and women (n=11; 35 ± 10 y) performed eccentric biceps curls on two occasions, once after 14d of ...

Nipple reconstruction is a commonly performed component of breast reconstruction. A nipple reconstructed using local skin flaps requires protection from trauma. Here we describe a novel, effective, simple, rapid, inexpensive, and convenient method to protect a reconstructed nipple in the early postoperative period.

Purpose: This article identifies the advantage and disadvantage of a free nipple areola complex graft (FNACG) for nipple malposition which resulted from tissue-expander insertion and subsequently replaced with an implant after nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM). Methods: The subjects were three such patients treated using FNACG and who were followed up for at least one year postoperatively. The su...

OBJECTIVE To compare infant sucking and swallowing patterns during feeding with a new artificial nipple and during breast-feeding. METHODS Fifteen healthy, term infants were fed successfully for 1 week with use of the new tricut nipple; then each infant's oral cavity was examined during feeding by using real-time ultrasonography. Measurements of nipple length and compression were made, togeth...