BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of the laser-etched base bracket, site of bond failure, and evaluate for enamel remnants on the bracket base after debonding, when compared to foil mesh base bracket. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty noncarious, human premolar extracted for the orthodontic treatment were used for this study. The teeth we...

Orthodontic torque expression is the result of axial rotation of rectangular archwires within a rectangular bracket slot. This study investigates the effect of bracket material on torque expression. Torque exerted by a rotating archwire on each bracket will be measured as well as the relative deformation of each bracket slot. A total of 60 tests were performed where archwires were rotated withi...

Kishino's knot is not detected by the fundamental group or the bracket polynomial; these invariants cannot differentiate between Kishino's knot and the unknot. However, we can show that Kishino's knot is not equivalent to unknot by applying either the 3-strand bracket polynomial or the surface bracket polynomial. In this paper, we construct two non-trivial virtual knot diagrams, K D and K m , t...

Various aspects of the Nahm equations in 3 and 7 dimensions are investigated. The residues of the variables at simple poles in the 7dimensional case form an algebra. A large class of matrix representations of this algebra is constructed. The large N limit of these equations is taken by replacing the commutators by Moyal Brackets, and a set of non trivial solutions in a generalised form of Wigne...

A supersymmetric Lorentz invariant mechanism for superspace deformations is proposed. It is based on an extension of superspace by one λ a or several Majorana spinors associated with the Penrose twistor picture. Some examples of Lorentz invariant su-persymmetric Poisson and Moyal brackets are constructed and the correspondence: θ mn ↔ iψ m ψ n , C ab ↔ λ a λ b , Ψ a m ↔ ψ m λ a mapping the brac...

A new Lax equation is introduced for the KP hierarchy which avoids the use of pseudo-differential operators, as used in the Sato approach. This Lax equation is closer to that used in the study of the dispersionless KP hierarchy, and is obtained by replacing the Poisson bracket with the Moyal bracket. The dispersionless limit, underwhich the Moyal bracket collapses to the Poisson bracket, is par...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the galvanic behavior of different bracket and archwire combinations that are commonly used in orthodontic treatments. Methods: Three types of orthodontic archwires with a diameter of 0.016×0.022 inch and 80 standard edgewise maxillary central incisor brackets were selected. Three groups consisted of different wire-bracket couples and one group ...