Concurrent 24-hr samples of particulate matter of median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microm (PM10) were collected over a 10-day period in August 2000 at four sites along a transect in west-central Scotland, UK (passing from the coast through the city of Glasgow) in line with the prevailing southwesterly wind. Each sample was analyzed for chloride (Cl(-)), nitrate (NO3(-)), sulfate (SO4(2-...

In wetland soils, changes in oxygen (O2) level in the rhizosphere are believed to influence the behaviour of nutrients and their usage by plants. However, the effect of aeration on nitrogen (N) acquisition under different N supply conditions remains largely unknown. In this study, the rice cultivars Yangdao 6 (YD6, with higher root aerenchyma abundance) and Nongken 57 (NK57, with lower root aer...

The impact of chronic nitrogen amendments on bacterial communities was evaluated at Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, USA. Thirty soil samples (3 treatments × 2 soil horizons × 5 subplots) were collected in 2009 from untreated (control), low nitrogen-amended (LN; 50 kg NH4NO3 ha(-1) yr(-1)) and high nitrogen-amended (HN; 150 kg NH4NO3 ha(-1) yr(-1)) plots. PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNA gene seque...

Alum (Al2(SO4)(3).14H2O) additions to poultry litter result in lower ammonia (NH3) volatilization and phosphorus (P) runoff; however, the long-term effects of alum on soil P behavior have been unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term effects of poultry litter, alum-treated litter, and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) on P availability in soils and P runoff. Two studies were...

Ammonia (NH3) emission from nitrogen (N) fertilizers used in agriculture decreases N uptake by the crop and negatively impacts air quality. In order to better understand the factors influencing NH3 emission from agriculture, this research was conducted with four major soils used for potato production: Biscayne Marl Soil (BMS, pH 7.27), and Krome Gravelly Loam (KGL, pH 7.69) from Florida; and Qu...

The effects of yeast extract (X1), NH4NO3 (X2), peptone (X3), urea (X4), CMC (X5), Tween 20 (X6), MgSO4 (X7), and CaCO3 (X8) on production of xylanase from Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CKMX1 were optimized by statistical analysis using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM was used to optimize xylanase production by implementing the Central composite design. Statistical analysis of the re...

Abstract. A comprehensive European dataset on monthly atmospheric NH3, acid gases (HNO3, SO2, HCl), and aerosols (NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl?, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) is presented analysed. Speciated measurements were made with a low-volume denuder filter pack method (DEnuder for Long-Term Atmospheric sampling, DELTA®) as part of the EU NitroEurope (NEU) integrated project. Altogether, there 64 sites in 20...

A novel ionic liquid (IL) trioctyldodecyl phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate was developed as a recovery agent for cobalt(II) and manganese(II) from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Absence of organic diluent provides an advantageous factor to IL-based extraction than the conventional one. Co(II) Mn(II) were extracted quantitatively aqueous phase IL phase. Extracted stripped u...

Stem injection techniques can be used to introduce (15)N into trees to overcome a low variation in natural abundance and label biomass with a distinct (15)N signature, but have tended to target small and young trees, of a variety of species, with little replication. We injected 98 atom% (15)N ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution into 13 mature, 9- to 13-m tall edge-profile Sitka spruce trees in o...