The facial depressor muscles are an essential component of a full denture smile. In addition, the depressor muscles are actively used to express other human emotions such as sadness, anger, depression, and sorrow. Despite advances in microsurgical techniques, it is surprising how little effort has been directed toward reanimation of the lower lip. This article presents innovative approaches use...

AIM High cervical spinal cord injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatments carry various complications such as infection, pacemaker failure and undesirable movement. Thus, a secure surgical strategy with fewer complications analogous to physiological ventilation is still required. We hope to offer one potential method to decrease the complications and improve s...

Objectives: To examine the fetal axillary nerve to reveal and compare its morphometric features within the second and third trimester. Methods: This study was conducted at the Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey. Thirty-five fetal shoulders were studied to provide anatomic data and to describe its position with regard to certain landmarks around the shoulde...

INTRODUCTION To date, only scant data has been reported regarding the anatomy of the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery and their relationships while within the triangular interval of the posterior arm. As this area has recently gained attention for using motor branches of the triceps muscle for nerve transfers, the present study was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen adult cadave...

Lower extremity spasticity is a common sequela among patients with acquired brain injury. The optimum treatment remains controversial. The aim of our study was to test the feasibility and effectiveness of contralateral nerve root transfer in reducing post stroke spasticity of the affected hindlimb muscles in rats. In our study, we for the first time created a novel animal hindlimb spastic hemip...

PURPOSE The study was undertaken to evaluate the recovery of rat skeletal muscles reinnervated by crossed direct nerve implantation and crossed neuromuscular pedicle graft. MATERIAL AND METHODS The animals (157) were divided into 3 groups. In the first group--direct nerve implantation --(DNI) 52 animals, the peroneal nerve was transected and implanted into the gastrocnemius muscle of the hind...

IMPORTANCE Corneal anesthesia is recalcitrant to conventional treatment and can lead to permanent visual loss. OBJECTIVE To assess the outcomes of a novel sensory reconstructive technique for the treatment of corneal anesthesia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective study evaluating a new technique was conducted at a tertiary referral center. Four eyes in 3 patients with cornea...