Neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors with cells of neuroendocrine differentiation that arise from diverse anatomic sites with varying morphologic and clinical features. Since the natural history and prognosis varies widely between individual neuroendocrine tumor types, there is a critical need to identify accurate prognostic and predictive biomarkers and markers predictive ...

Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors date back to 1888 when Otto Lubarsch found multiple tumors in the distal ileum of two patients at autopsy (Lubarsch, 1888). The German pathologist Siegfried Oberndorfer was the first who used the term “Karzinoide Tumoren”, the English translation of which is “carcinoid tumor”. He coined this term because these tumors behaved less aggressively than true carcinom...

Funding: None. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper. Abstract Neuroendocrine cells are dispersed around the body and can be found within the gastrointestinal system, lungs, larynx, thymus, thyroid, adrenal, gonads, skin and other tissues. These cells form the so-called ‘’di...

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) are a genetically diverse group of malignancies that sometimes produce peptides causing characteristic hormonal syndromes. NETs can be clinically symptomatic (functioning) or silent (non-functioning); both types frequently synthesize more than one peptide, although often these are not associated with specific syndromes. Based on data from various...

5. Howe JR, Klimstra DS, Maccia RD et al. Factors predictive of survival in ampullaty carcinoma. Ann Surg 1998; 228: 87-94. 6. Talamini MA, Moesinger RC, Pitt HA et al. Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. A 28-year experience. Ann Surg 1997; 225: 590-599. 7. AIlema JH, Reinders ME, van Gulik TM at al. Results of pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullaty carcinoma and analysis ofprognostic facto...

conclusions liver metastasis of neuroendocrine tumors in iran presents in a very similar manner as that seen in western countries. in about 89% of cases with liver-net, complete imaging, clinical, and pathological studies can help to identify the primary origin of the liver-net, which is very important in the patient’s management. results the most common primary site of metastatic gi-net to the...