Hierarchical organization of 'systems within systems' is an apparent characteristic of nature. For many biotic and abiotic systems it is known how the nested structural and functional order builds up, yet the general principle why matter evolves to hierarchies has remained unfamiliar to many. We clarify that increasingly larger integrated systems result from the quest to decrease free energy ac...

Effective institutions are key to the success of self-governing systems, yet specifying and maintaining them can be challenging, especially in large-scale, highly dynamic and competitive contexts. Political economist Elinor Ostrom has studied the conventional arrangements for sustainable natural resource management and derived from these eight design principles for self-governing institutions. ...

Abstract The present research introduces a new configuration of thin-walled nested tube structure as possible energy absorber subjected to lateral compression. nested-tube structures were configured in system comprising four tubes arranged different ways. All the systems quasi-statically compressed direction on universal mechanical tester obtain their absorption characteristics. Two modes defor...

We give a solution for the triangle intersection problem for nested Steiner triple systems, with three possible exceptions.

Many modern systems, including web servers, database engines, and operating system kernels, are using language-based protection mechanisms to provide the safety and integrity traditionally supplied by hardware. As these language-based systems become used in more demanding situations, they are faced with the same problems that traditional operating systems have solved—namely shared resource mana...

The nested relational data model is a natural generalisation of the relational data model, but it often leads to designs which hide the data structures needed to specify queries and updates in the information system. The relational data model on the other hand exposes the specifications of the data structures and permits the minimal specification of queries and updates using SQL. The deficienci...

Nested lock requests in multiprocessor real-time systems can be handled by only a handful of synchronization protocols. These protocols trade off overhead and blocking under varying analysis assumptions. In some systems, a finegrained contention-sensitive protocol has significantly lower worst-case blocking compared to its non-contention-sensitive counterparts, which yields improved schedulabil...

In this paper, we present an open and safe nested transaction model. We discuss the concurrency control and recovery algorithms for our model. Our nested transaction model uses the notion of a recovery point subtransaction in the nested transaction tree. It incorporates a prewrite operation before each write operation to increase the potential concurrency. Our transaction model is termed ``open...