Virus-induced diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a significant burden to human health worldwide. The complexity of these diseases is influenced by the sheer number of different neurotropic viruses, the diverse routes of CNS entry, viral tropism, and the immune system. Using a combination of human pathological data and experimental animal models, we have begun to uncover many...

Several new genomic disorders caused by copy number variation (CNV) of genes whose dosage is critical for the physiological function of the nervous system have been recently identified. Dup(7)(q11.23) patients carry duplications of the genomic region deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, they are characterized by prominent speech delay. The phenotypes of Potocki-Lupski syndrome and MECP2 duplica...

§ 4.123 Neuritis, cranial or peripheral. Neuritis, cranial or peripheral, characterized by loss of reflexes, muscle atrophy, sensory disturbances, and constant pain, at times excruciating, is to be rated on the scale provided for injury of the nerve involved, with a maximum equal to severe, incomplete, paralysis. See nerve involved for diagnostic code number and rating. The maximum rating which...

Dr. Ormerod has successfully accomplished a difficult task, that of writing an account of nervous diseases which shall be short and yet omit no essential features. It seems to us that the difficulties in the way of a satisfactory book of this kind are increased by the obligation that all writers of text-books on these diseases feel, that they must include an account of the anatomy of the nervou...

NMDA receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction has emerged as a common theme in several major nervous system disorders, including ischemic brain injury, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, pain, depression and schizophrenia. Either hyperactivity or hypofunction of NMDARs could contribute to disease pathophysiology. It is likely that distinct subtypes of NMDARs (as defined by subunit composition and/or subsy...

posttraumatic cerebral infarction is a rare complication and is an indicator of poor clinical outcome of head-trauma in spite of appropriate medical and surgical interventions. cerebellar infarction following head trauma is also very rare and only a few reported cases are available in literatures. a 2-year-old child sustained head injury in a car accident and underwent surgery because of cerebr...

thrombin is a multifunctional enzyme which has key roles in coagulation cascade and inflammatory events. the pro-inflammatory functions of thrombin occur by different mechanisms including increasing mast cell degranulation, up-regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules (cams) and promoting the secretion of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. dysregulated signaling functions of thro...