BACKGROUND Children born very low birth weight (VLBW) are at risk for low health-related quality of life (HRQoL), compared with normal-birth-weight peers, and racial disparities may compound the difference. Asthma is the most pervasive health problem among VLBW children and is also more common among black than white children, partly due to unfavourable environmental exposures. This study explor...

Examination of the job-shop scheduling literature uncovers a striking trend. As methods for the deterministic job-shop problem have gradually improved over the years, they have come to rely on neighbourhoods for selecting moves that are more and more constrained. We document this phenomenon with a historical sketch of job-shop neighborhoods, which leads us to focus particularly on the approach ...

APrIl 2017 IZA DP No. 10694 Incorporating Neighbourhood Choice in a Model of Neighbourhood Effects on Income Studies of neighbourhood effects often attempt to identify causal effects of neighbourhood characteristics on individual outcomes, such as income, education, employment, and health. However, selection looms large in this line of research and it has been repeatedly argued that estimates o...

Maxcliques (maximal complete subgraphs) and unit disks (closed neighborhoods of vertices) sometime play almost interchangeable roles in graph theory. For instance, interchanging them makes two existing characterizations of chordal graphs into two new characterizations. More intriguingly, these characterizations of chordal graphs can be naturally strengthened to new characterizations of strongly...

The Kneser graph K(m, n) has the n-subsets of {1, 2 . . . . . m} as its vertices, two such vertices being adjacent whenever they are disjoint. The kth multichromatic number of the graph G is the least integer t such that the vertices of G can be assigned k-subsets of {1, 2,... ,t}, so that adjacent vertices of G receive disjoint sets. The values of xk(K(m, n)) are computed for n = 2, 3 and boun...

due to the change of lifestyle and improvement of public health the number of aged people has considerably increased. considering the relationship of the environment and people, the built environment features could exacerbate or facilitate the elderly people’s vulnerability and social needs. recently, a large number of studies have put emphasis on the relationship between the neighborhoods’ ope...

The research exploring the association between built environment and children's mental health cognitive abilities has produced mixed results. This may be due to inconsistency in approach taken describe environment. study, using data from Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a large general-population birth cohort, considered simultaneously several measures it when participant child was 3 years old, i...