UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Specific leaf area (SLA) is a critical component of the leaf economics spectrum, and many functional leaf traits have been empirically demonstrated to covary with SLA. However, a complete understanding of how change in leaf size influences SLA has not yet emerged. • METHODS To help develop a more complete understanding of the determinants of variability in S...

We propose a set of postulates to describe the mechanical interaction between a plane-wave electromagnetic pulse and a dispersive, dissipative slab having a refractive index of arbitrary sign. The postulates include the Abraham electromagnetic momentum density, a generalized Lorentz force law, and a model for absorption-driven mass transfer from the pulse to the medium. These opto-mechanical me...

An acoustic negative bulk modulus metamaterial based on the concept of expansion chambers is proposed. It is shown that addition of a neck region to an ordinary expansion chamber improves its transmission loss characteristics at low frequencies and the resulting structure displays a negative bulk modulus behavior. Additionally, membrane based metamaterials are analyzed. Using FEM, the negative ...

In this paper, drain-source current, transconductance and cutoff frequency in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors have been investigated. In order to obtain parameters of exact AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors such as electron density, the wave function, band gap, polarization charge, effective mass and dielectric constant, the hydrostatic pressure and temperature effects a...

By averaging the basic equations on microscale. expressions are derived for the effective added mass density and the kinetic energy density of a mixture of liquid and gas bubbles. Due to hydrodynamic interaction between the bubbles there appears to be a difference between the effective added mass density and the mass coefficient of the kinetic energy density due to relative motion of the phases...

background: low bone mass is a frequent complication of chronic inflammatory disease. the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in chronic inflammatory disease may be secondary to releases of cytokines such as tnf-a and il6. chronic gastritis due to helicobacter pylori (hp) infection may lead to decreased bone mineral density (bmd) and predispose patients to osteoporosis. the objective of this study was...

The existence of the three most massive clusters of galaxies observed so far at z > 0.5 is used to constrain the mass density parameter of the universe, Ω, and the amplitude of mass fluctuations, σ 8. We find Ω=0.2 −0.4 (95 %). We show that the existence of even the single most distant cluster at z=0.83, MS1054–03, with its large gravitational lensing mass, high temperature, and large velocity ...

Negative density-dependence is generally studied within a single trophic level, thereby neglecting its effect on higher trophic levels. The 'functional response' couples a predator's intake rate to prey density. Most widespread is a type II functional response, where intake rate increases asymptotically with prey density; this predicts the highest predator densities at the highest prey densitie...

in this study, the longitudinal shrinkage behavior of knitted fabrics during drying has been studied. in this context, a model is presented to predict the longitudinal shrinkage of plain knitted fabric during drying process. in order to model the shrinkage behavior, a 1dof model consists of a mass, a linear spring and a linear damper have been used. in presented model the time-varying mass is c...