achievement an interdisciplinary study needs congruence between disciplines involved in ‎research. such studies are necessary to establish three species congruence.methodological, ‎linguistically and epistemological congruencies are three necessities that create integration in ‎interdisciplinary study. sample-based survey of part of interdisciplinary research in the field of ‎qur'anic stud...

0950-7051/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2011.08.016 q This paper has been partially supported by the 08286, P08-TIC-3548 and Feder Fonds. ⇑ Corresponding author. Address: French 414, Resis E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Gram (L. Martı́nez). URL: http://www.ujaen.es (L. Martı́nez). Networking resources and technologies are mission-critical in organizati...

This study has discussed some shortages of IP over SDH used currently, and has proposed the necessities of IP over DWDM. It has given the structure of IP over DWDM, and has explained why it can increase its bandwidth when transiting IP packets over DWDM. The study has also discussed the two methods of realizing IP over DWDM transmission network.

This paper summarizes the necessities on the semantic modeling of Web Service constraints and capabilities from the viewpoint of the Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) working group. We will give a short motivating use case from the travelling domain which we shall use to classify possible capabilities and constraints to be described on the service and requester side.

The absolute hegemony of international code of (academic) communication has resulted in the development and spread of the discoursal voice of the culture form which historical English has emerged, and, as a consequence, any violation from the generic conventions and thinking patterns born out of such a discourse has resulted in the deprivation of non-native thinkers form active participation in...

This paper reports on the use of a new method for the measurement of poverty, based on an adaptation of a survey based approach used in Britain in the 1980's. The method has a number of advantages. It is open to a broad definition of poverty and sensitive to changing definitions of poverty over time. The process is participative but produces quantifiable results. The analysis of data collected ...

Financial advisors generally assume that people differ in their risk attitudes, and they sometimes try to assess these attitudes with questionnaires about risks. But attitudes toward risks are influenced by many factors that are irrelevant to ultimate outcomes. Arguably, what is most important is the utility of money. Some people are satisfied with a no-frills retirement, while others hanker af...

Today’s Small and Medium-sized Enterprises are confronted with the IT-reality, the resource-reality and document-reality. Introduction of software systems and thus performing software testing have long become an indispensible necessity for a firm’s survival. A number of suggestions relevant to the practice are advanced by this paper, targeting at conducting successful software testing. A minima...

Intelligent environments are ubiquitous computing systems that react to and interact with their inhabitants. They adapt to their necessities, assisting them in their every day life. We present a real intelligent environment that supports spoken interaction with its users. The spoken dialogue interface is automatically created according to the environment and the interpretation and generation va...