INTRODUCTION The lacZ gene is frequently fused to heterologous promoters to reveal the expression of endogenous genes in transgenic mice (Bonnerot and Nicolas, 1993; Goring et al., 1987) and in the detection of genetic recombination events in cell fate mapping experiments (Joyner and Zervas, 2006; Petit et al., 2005; Watson et al., 2008). The most popular substrate for the detection of galacto...

This study determined whether nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ) generates superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner and whether such production contributes to hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced pial artery dilation in newborn pigs equipped with closed cranial windows. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable nitroblue tetrazolium ...

BACKGROUND This study investigated whether myocardial protection by inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange (NHE) occurs during ischemia and/or during reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in 32 pigs for 60 minutes and then reperfused for 24 hours. Infarct sizes (nitroblue tetrazolium [NBT] stain, histology) were determined at the end of the expe...

Cell dissociation and cell migration are the two main components of epithelium-mesenchyme transitions (EMT). We previously demonstrated that Ras is required for the accomplishment of both of these processes during the EGF-induced EMT of the NBT-II rat carcinoma cell line in vitro. In this study, we examined the downstream targets of Ras that are responsible for the dissociation and motility of ...

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential morphogenetic process during embryonic development. It can be induced in vitro by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), or by FGF-1 in our NBT-II cell model for EMT. We tested for a central role in EMT of a zinc-finger protein called Slug. Slug mRNA and protein levels were increased transiently in FGF-1-treated NBT-II cells. Tr...

Abstract Background Different trials showed that patients treated with blood transfusion (BT) have unfavorable prognosis regarding outcomes and mortality. Nevertheless, in BT hospitalized a contemporary tertiary intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) is limited. Objective To determine mortality rate ICCU. Methods A prospective single center study to evaluate short- long-term of between January 2020...

Thiopurine and its derivatives, including azathioprine (AZA), 6mercaptopurine (6-MP), and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) have been used as pro-drugs in cancer treatment and inflammatory bowel disease. However, unlike canonical DNA and RNA bases that mainly absorb UVC (100-280 nm) and UVB (280-320 nm) light, thiopurine bases are strong UVA (320-400 nm, covering 90% solar UV irradiation) chromophores and s...

OBJECTIVE To develop an application that is simple and reliable using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) method that clearly differentiates chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients with heterozygous carriers in groups suspected with CGD. METHODS This study was carried out in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from October 2002 and March 2004. The study included 260 samples consisting of 1...

objectives: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome “aids” in human and demonstration of hiv-1 genome in samples is accepted as evidence of infection. transmission of infection during window period in blood transfusion settings is a world wide concern. also there is a need for a rapid, sensitive and accurate technique to detect hiv-1 infe...