Since Boorse [Philos Sci 44(4):542–573, 1977] published his paper “Health as a theoretical concept” one of the most lively debates within philosophy medicine has been on question whether health and disease are in some sense ‘objective’ ‘value-free’ or ‘subjective’ ‘value-laden’. Due to apparent ‘failure’ pure naturalist, constructivist, normativist accounts, much recent literature appealed more...

Many interspecific commensal foraging interactions involving birds have been documented. We describe an observation of commensal foraging by a fan-tailed warbler (Euthlypis lachrymosa) with a nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in Guerrero, southwestern Mexico. Our observation is similar to those reported from El Salvador by (Komar and Hanks, 2002) and indicates 560 The Southwestern Na...

Statistical Comments on Cohen's Application of a Simple Stochastic Population Model to Natural Primate Troops Author(s): Niels Keiding Reviewed work(s): Source: The American Naturalist, Vol. 111, No. 982 (Nov. Dec., 1977), pp. 1211-1219 Published by: The University of Chicago Press for The American Society of Naturalists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2460266 . Accessed: 19/10/2012 14:36

The present study aims to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the multidrug resistance characteristic of Cryptosporidium parvum by detecting the presence of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein encoding genes, especially one that shows high similarity to members belonging to the multidrug resistance protein (MDR) and multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) subfamilies. PCR using ABC-...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease.MS is characterized by blood brain barrier breakdown, inflammation, axonal injury, degeneration of the myelin sheath and etc. A significant association between inflammation and degeneration of neurons is observed in the brain. Also active MS lesions always associated with inflammation thus inflammation is a target for treatment o...

To assess the ability of traditional biological recording schemes and lay citizen science approaches to gather data on species distributions and changes therein, we examined bumblebee records from the UK's national repository (National Biodiversity Network) and from BeeWatch. The two recording approaches revealed similar relative abundances of bumblebee species but different geographical distri...

Methods The data sources and methods of estimation used in this study are the same as those used for the 1988 calculations. Birth data were taken from publications of the NCHS,5 which obtains birth certificate information from state vital statistics agencies. The most recent NCHS data tabulate race according to the race of the mother rather than the child, and the NCHS has retabulated data from...

Background and objectives: Low social status increases risk of disease due, in part, to the psychosocial stress that accompanies feeling subordinate or poor. Previous studies report that chronic stress and chronically elevated cortisol can impair cardiovascular and immune function. We test whether lower status is more benign in small-scale, relatively egalitarian societies, where leaders lack c...

a Scientifi c Resource.—Bird collections were founded and built during the heyday of global exploration. The mission of these collections through most of their history has been to document avian diversity and its distribution and to serve as a resource for research and education. As bird collections became established and grew, ornithology itself became a scientifi c discipline and broadly expa...

microRNA-122 (miR-122) was one of the first examples of a tissue-specific miRNA. It is highly expressed in liver, where it constitutes 70% of the total miRNA pool. miR-122 expression is specific to the vertebrate lineage, where the sequence of the mature miRNA is completely conserved. miR-122 is a target for extensive study due to its association with cholesterol metabolism and hepatocellular c...