Living plant diversity (excluding the litter issue) may affect below-ground properties and processes, which is critical to obtaining an integrated biodiversity-ecosystem functioning theory. However, related patterns and underlying mechanisms have rarely been examined, especially lacking long-term evidence. We conducted a factorial crossed sample survey to examine the effects of plant diversity ...

A Miyawaki forest; Potential Natural Vegetation, is an opportunity to take part in ecosystem restoration. Indeed, the method takes into account ecological successions, and allows immediately plant advanced forest through choice of most adapted communities. Cooperation between trees enhances quick development great resilience. restoration intentional activity that initiates or accelerates recove...

Forests of the coastal plain region of the southern United States are unique in their productivity, biodiversity, and economic value. However, natural and anthropogenic disturbances may trigger forest age structure and spatial distribution variation. Detecting and predicting tree species distribution patterns can help to understand the dynamics of disturbances in order to develop adequate fores...

A conscious experience – or, as I shall also call it, an appearance – as of a round blue object could exist in the absence of anything round or blue. An appearance as of an hour-long walk need not last more than several minutes – the appearance might be generated over the course of a brief period of REM sleep. Arguably, an appearance as of things arrayed in three-dimensional space could occur i...

In their recent review of arrested succession, Royo and Carson (A.A. Royo and W.P. Carson. 2006. Can. J. For. Res. 36: 1345–1362) demonstrate that ‘‘recalcitrant understory layers’’ are widespread and pervasive modifiers of ecosystems and disruptors of forest regeneration. They rightly point out that many plant species associated with arrested succession are characterized by rapid vegetative sp...

Succession is acknowledged to be especially critical in small organizations, as it is estimated that in the EU alone there is a risk of losing 150,000 firms due to transfer problems and only one third of family businesses “survive” their founder. As the vast majority of firms are in fact family businesses and SMEs, the economic impact of these unsuccessful successions is great. There exists a s...