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SEAFACT (Semantic Analysis For the Animation of Cooking Tasks) is a natural language interface to a computer-generated animation system operating in the domain of cooking tasks. SEAFACT allows the user to specify cooking tasks "using a small subset of English. The system analyzes English input and produces a representation of the task which can drive motion synthesis procedures. Tl~is paper des...

This paper describes the AUTOSEM syntactic framework for semantic interpretation and the CARMEL robust understanding engine in which it operates. This work has been developed as part of an effort to build tools for authoring broad coverage natural language understanding interfaces for intelligent tutoring systems. Its purpose is to provide a solid foundation for interpretation that will facilit...

In this paper we present an implemented account of multilingual linguistic resources for multilingual text generation that improves significantly on the degree of re-use of resources both across languages and across applications. We argue that this is a necessary step for multilingual generation in order to reduce the high cost of constructing linguistic resources and to make NLG relevant for a...

Practical natural language interfaces must exhibit robust behaviour in the presence of extragrammatical user input. This paper classifies different types of grammatical deviations and related phenomena at the lexical, sentential and dialogue levels and presents recovery strategies tailored to specific phenomena in the classification. Such strategies constitute a tool chest of computationally tr...

As a demand on composite Web services increases, there is a growing interest in a convenient access to them. This paper proposes a natural language interface to Web services, which can be used even by a novice user who does not know Web service technologies. Given a user‟s natural language request to a composite service, the proposed method generates an abstract workflow, which describes the co...

A natural language query interface for databases provides the user friendliness in retrieving the desired information by querying in a native natural language. Up to now, many natural language query interfaces for conventional databases have been developed. However, the eld of natural language query interfaces for object-oriented databases which have recently started to emerge as the next-gener...

A central issue of expert systems is the man-machine-interface. One of its most ergonomic real-izations is a natural language interface. Uncertainty and indeterminateness are main properties of natural language. While there are many formalisms dealing with uncertainty, there still is a strong need of those modeling indeterminateness. Therefore a formalism is presented which (a) formalizes the s...

Users of natural language interfaces (NLI) to databases often build their own notions about the linguistic capabilities of the NLI and bear false expectations in mind with respect to the intelligence of the system. An NLI should provide feedback on what it does and what it understands. In addition, user queries and intermediate results have to be analyzed for errors, so that the interface can s...