The Indonesian national industry has experienced a slowdown in growth and decrease competitiveness, allegedly caused by the high price of natural gas. Therefore, government intervened implementing Certain Price Natural Gas Policy (Harga Bumi Tertentu), policy that facilitates industries to obtain gas at lower prices through issuance Presidential Decree Number 121 2020 concerning Pricing. This s...

As one of the most important commodity futures, price forecasting natural gas futures is great significance for hedging and risk aversion. This paper mainly focuses on pricing which considers seasonality fluctuations. In order to study this issue, we propose a modified approach called six-factor model, in influence seasonal fluctuations are eliminated every random factor. Using Monte Carlo meth...

This paper estimates the price elasticity of electricity and natural gas in Pacific Northwest. Electricity are substitutes; demands different classes consumers for energy price-inelasticity. The results when retail changes, would choose cheaper one to make up increased cost another price. Consumers’ demand is mainly stable, they won’t affect a lot by change prices.

The approval by FERC of a regulated natural gas pipeline’s market-based rate application depends upon the availability of substitute pipelines with sufficient capacity to maintain the current transport price. But how much alternate capacity is enough? Clearly, the price will not increase when alternate pipelines have unsubscribed capacity equal to the capacity of the applicant pipeline, since t...

There are presently wide disagreements among experts concerning the future availability and price of petroleum and natural gas both domestically and worldwide. If these resources are to be available to future generations at affordable prices, then the technological challenge is to use these resources in ways that offer the greatest economic benefit and the minimum environmental damage. Petroleu...

This research uses multivariate cointegration analysis to assess the degree . of competition in the U.S. natural gas industry following the move to open access pipeline transportation. The testing methodology allows multiple nodes in the pipeline network to be analyzed simultaneously and is based on recent advances by Johansen (1988, 1991) and Johansen and Juselius (1990) on estimation and hypo...