introduction: cardiovascular diseases are important factors at human death and factor destroys human resources. health intervention is a service for developing of health and diagnoses or modifies of process diseases. it is necessary that every country regarding to its goals, laws national, interests and standards, considers establishing such a system. a comparison of cardiovascular disease clas...

the paper by gilbert et al. should be on the table of every politician and national health service (nhs) manager in the run up to the general election, when the nhs is at the hustings. they have raised profound moral dilemmas of the internal and external market in their present form, such as the practicalities of distributive justice and the enhancement of autonomy – to which are added the pres...

THE INTERPLAY AMONG QUALITY of care, technological innovation, and cost control creates a policy challenge for all health care systems. Improvements in the quality of care can reduce health care costs; for example, better management of chronic conditions may lessen the chance of hospitalization, and new drugs and medical devices might improve the quality and efficiency of care. Often, however, ...

the special pay under this subparagraph shall not be less that 12 times the monthly special pay then paid to Commissioned Officers entitled to special pay for duty involving intimate contact with persons who have Hansen’s disease. (As of October 24, 1985, that monthly rate was $110.) (c) An officer or employee may be paid special pay for any pay period, under paragraphs (a) and (b) of this sect...

contact with persons who have Hansen’s disease. (As of October 24, 1985, that monthly rate was $110.) (c) An officer or employee may be paid special pay for any pay period, under paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, only to the extent that it does not cause his or her aggregate pay for that pay period to exceed the biweekly rate of basic pay for Level V of the Executive Schedule. As used in ...

I propose to discuss certain developments in health care arrangements which are planned in the United Kingdom. I will discuss these in terms of Scotland which has a separate health service and a separate health department for which the Secretary of State for Scotland with one of his junior Ministers is responsible to Parliament in Westminster. When the National Health Service was established, S...

For many doctors working within the National Health Service (NHS), occupational medicine remains a specialty on the fringe of their awareness. Undergraduate exposure to the subject is limited in most medical schools and at postgraduate level health and safety training in relation to medical work is given little emphasis. The fact that the majority of those who work in occupational medicine are ...

In 1998 the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health argued that the new millennium requires a journal of the times bringing together the strands of public health—the science and art, policy and practice. At around the same time the Department of Health for England announced the National Service Framework (NSF) programme, a programme to transform the way services are delivered for patients ...

The Italian national health services is under criticism. Although recent legislative changes are intended to introduce managed competition, there is no clear epidemiological view of the health care needs and priorities. Several inconsistencies and inequalities (particularly between the northern and the southern regions) are obvious, both in the health status of the population and in the provisi...