The most ambitious application yet undertaken of a market-based instrument for environmental protection has been for the control of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in the context of acid rain reduction under Title IV of the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990. That Act established an allowance trading program to cut SO2 emissions by 10 million tons from 1980 levels—a 50% reduction. In this article,...

A year-long field study to characterize the ionic species in PM2.5 was carried out in Shanghai and Beijing, China, in 1999–2000. Weekly samples of PM2.5 were collected using a special low flow rate (0.4 lmin ) sampler. In Shanghai, SO4 2 NO3 and NH4 + were the dominant ionic species, which accounted for 46%, 18% and 17% of the total mass of ions, respectively. Local SO2 emissions were an import...

The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of NO/SO2 on the emissions of N2O from diesel engine. A direct-injection diesel engine (model NF-19SK YANMAR) one cylinder was employed to test the emission. This engine works on fourstroke cycle and was operated at 2200 rpm by 25, 50, and 75% engine load. The experiment by three level sulfur content of fuel by adding DBDS into MDO and experi...

This study reports the largest data set of on-road, fuel-based mass emissions of ammonia and sulfur dioxide from vehicles of known make, model year, and fuel type. Ammonia is the first pollutant observed for which the emissions decrease with increasing fleet age from 10 to 20 years. The fixed nitrogen emission ratio is 15.0% by mass and 24.7% by mole, larger than current models predict. Diesel ...

Co-combustion of biosolids with coal or other biomass fuel can play a significant role in combustion facilities for energy production and waste management policy context. This paper presents the results of an experimental study to investigate the use of biosolids for co-combustion with wood pellets in a wood pellet stove. Fuel property, gas emissions and stove efficiency are compared. In regard...

Among the air pollutants, sulfur dioxide has been given special emphasis for posing dangers to the environment. SO2 emissions in the air have harmful effects on human health and the environment. Respiratory diseases and exacerbation of heart diseases are among dangerous symptoms for human health, especially when high concentrations of SO2 are emitted. Therefore, in the present study, a wide var...

We conducted simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) version 3.5 to study air quality in East Asia at a spatial resolution of 20 km× 20 km. We find large discrepancies between two existing emissions inventories: the Regional Emission Inventory in ASia version 2 (REAS) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 4.2 (E...

WRF-Chem simulations were performed for the March 2005 East Asian Studies of Tropospheric Aerosols: an International Regional Experiment (EAST-AIRE) Intensive Observation Campaign (IOC) to investigate the direct effects of aerosols on surface radiation and air quality. Domain-wide, WRF-Chem showed a decrease of 20W/m in surface shortwave (SW) radiation due to the aerosol direct effect (ADE), co...