Coconut is a high-quality agricultural product of the Asia-Pacific region. In this paper, coconut shell which mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin was used as a raw material for coconut shell oil from coconut shell pyrolysis. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and particle size on coconut oil yield was investigated, and the effect of heating rate on coconut ...

Reduction of harmful emissions in the combustion of fossil fuels imposes tighter specifications limiting the sulfur content of fuels. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a key process inmost petroleumrefineries inwhich the sulfur ismostly eliminated. Themodeling and simulation of the HDS process are necessary for a better understanding of the process operation; it is also a requirement to optimize pr...

In this contribution Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling of the hydrocracking process is presented. The input–output data for the training and simulation phases of the network were obtained from the Tehran refinery ISOMAX unit. Different network designs were developed and their abilities were compared. Backpropagation, Elman and RBF networks were used for modeling and simulation of the hyd...

Among the 7 types of natural solvent mixtures listed as third class solvents in the Ordinance on Prevention of Organic Solvent Poisoning, 5 types (134 samples) of petroleum distillate solvents (PDS) were collected from various parts of Japan in 1986 and 1987, and analyzed for n-hexane, benzene and 4 other aromatics by capillary gaschromatography. In addition, 3 samples of turpentine oil, 1 samp...

Seeking a clean alternative energy resource is inevitable because of the limited fossil fuel energy resources and greenhouse gas emissions issue. Recently, advances in chemical and fuel processing technologies allow us to convert biomass to energy products with high energy density and value. Fast pyrolysis process is among the promising technologies for converting biomass to bio-oil and combust...

The catalytic co-pyrolysis of a seaweed biomass, Laminaria japonica, and a typical polymer material, polypropylene, was studied for the first time. A mesoporous material Al-SBA-15 was used as a catalyst. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed reactor and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). BET surface area, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and NH3 tempe...

In the present study, a mathematical model to describe the pyrolysis of a single solid particle of biomass is used to study the influence of particle size and temperature in the pyrolysis of biomass. The pyrolysis rate has been simulated by a kinetic scheme involving three reactions (primary and secondary): two parallel reactions and a third for secondary interactions between volatile and gaseo...