The NADPH-dependent respiratory burst oxidase of human neutrophils catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to superoxide using NADPH as the electron donor and is essential for normal host defenses. To gain insight into the function of the various oxidase subunits that are required for the full expression of catalytic activity, we studied the interactions between the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of NAD...

Reactive oxygen species elicit vascular effects ranging from acute dilatation because of hydrogen peroxide-mediated opening of K(+) channels to contraction arising from superoxide-dependent inactivation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Given that NADPH oxidases are major sources of superoxide in the vascular wall, this study examined the effects of exogenous NADPH, a substrate of these enzy...

mutations in any of four known nadph-oxidase components lead to cgd. x-linked cgd (x-cgd) is caused by defects in cybb, the gene that encodes gp91-phox. autosomal recessive (ar) cgd is caused by defects in the genes for p47 phox, p22-phox or p67-phox. the aim of this study was to screen the molecular defect in the fetus of an x-cgd carrier mother and postnatal confirmation of the results. in a ...

The number of approved peptide therapeutics has increased significantly in recent years. Peptide have many advances over small molecule drugs, such as higher affinity to target and lower toxicity profiles. Although peptide-like drugs are mainly metabolized/catabolized the body for smaller peptides amino acids, metabolite identification still an essential part their development, especially if st...

Nitric oxide synthase activity was studied by means of NADPH-diaphorase activity and nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs of the frog Rana perezi and the newt Triturus marmoratus. In both species, NADPH-diaphorase staining was observed in all olfactory fibers. Vomeronasal fibers were NADPH-diaphorase-positive in Triturus but they were NADPH-diaphorase...

Altered endothelial activity is enumerated amongst the leading causes of graft dysfunction following coronary artery bypass surgery and may account for differences in patency between arterial and venous grafts. This study investigates whether differences exist between basal endothelial functions of saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary arteries (IMA) and explores the putative involvements of...

Mn2+ was shown to catalyze a nonenzymatic oxidation of NADPH in the presence of superoxide anion by means of an isotopic assay for measurement of the oxidation of NADPH to NADP+. Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule NADPH oxidase activity was evaluated in the absence of Mn2+ and was found to be higher in granules from phagocytizing cells than in granules from resting cells. The drug phorbo...

NADPH nitrate reductase activity in higher plants has been attributed to the presence of NAD(P)H bispecific nitrate reductases and to the presence of phosphatases capable of hydrolyzing NADPH to NADH. To determine which of these conditions exist in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Steptoe), we characterized the NADH and NADPH nitrate reductase activities in crude and affinity-chromatography-purif...

Many catalases have the shared property of containing bound NADPH and being susceptible to inactivation by their own substrate, H2O2. The presence of additional (unbound) NADPH effectively prevents bovine liver and human erythrocytic catalase from becoming compound II, the reversibly inactivated state of catalase, and NADP+ is known to be generated in the process. The function of the bound NADP...