Photocatalysis is an ecofriendly and sustainable pathway for utilizing solar energy to convert organic molecules. In this context, using light responsive graphene-based materials C–N bond activation coenzyme regeneration (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen; NADH) one of the utmost important challenging tasks in century. Herein, we report synthesis nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N...

It is generally known that cofactors play a major role in the production of different fermentation products. This paper is part of a systematic study that investigates the potential of cofactor manipulations as a new tool for metabolic engineering. The NADH/NAD+ cofactor pair plays a major role in microbial catabolism, in which a carbon source, such as glucose, is oxidized using NAD+ and produc...

The objective of the study was to determine both the toxicity of the stabilized orally absorbable form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) (ENADA) and the maximum tolerated intravenous dose (MTD) of betaNADH (the reduced form of NADH) in beagle dogs. The administration of the stabilized orally absorbable form of NADH to beagle dogs at dose levels of 20, 100, and 150 mg/kg for 14 days el...

1. Kidney-cortex slices incubated with pyruvate formed glucose and lactate in relatively large and approximately equimolar quantities. The formation of these products involves two exclusively cytoplasmic NADH(2)-requiring reductions, catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate dehydrogenase. From the rates of glucose and lactate formation it can be calculated that over 1000mu-moles ...

1. The pKa of the phenolic hydroxy group of the Tyr(3NO2)-237 residue in pig heart [Tyr(3NO2)237]lactate dehydrogenase is 7.2 in the apoenzyme, 7.4 in the enzyme-NADH complex and 7.8 in the enzyme-NADH-oxamate complex. The alkaline shift from apoenzyme to ternary complex is ascribed to the approach of the Glu-107 residue during the movement of the polypeptide loop residues 98-110. 2. The affini...

Preparations of rat-liver mitochondria catalyze the oxidation of exogenous NADH by added cytochrome c or ferricyanide by a reaction that is insensitive to the respiratory chain inhibitors, antimycin A, amytal, and rotenone, and is not coupled to phosphorylation. Experiments with tritiated NADH are described which demonstrate that this "external" pathway of NADH oxidation resembles stereochemica...

A fluctuation analysis was performed on the reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence signal from resting rabbit myocytes using confocal and two-photon microscopy. The purpose of this study was to establish whether any co-ordinated biochemical processes, such as binding, metabolism and inner mitochondrial membrane potential, were contributing to NADH signal fluctuations above ba...

Engineering the cofactor specificity of a natural enzyme often results in a significant decrease in its activity on original cofactor. Here we report that a NADH-dependent dehydrogenase (d-LDH) from Lactobacillus delbrueckii 11842 can be rationally engineered to efficiently use both NADH and NADPH as cofactors. Point mutations on three amino acids (D176S, I177R, F178T) predicted by computationa...

NADH and NAD+ are neither substrates nor inhibitors of 3-hydroxy3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase in concentrations up to 1 mM. Addition of either NADH or NAD+ enhanced the activity of rat liver microsomal reductase, yet NADH failed to affect the activity of the freeze-thaw solubilized enzyme. The degree of enhancement of enzyme activity by NADH decreased as GSH concentration in th...

A NADH dehydrogenase was isolated from an inner membrane-enriched fraction of beetroot mitochondria (Beta vulgaris L.) by solubilization with sodium deoxycholate and purified using gel filtration and affinity chromatography. The NADH dehydrogenase preparation contained a minor ATPase contamination. Beetroot mitochondria were chosen as the isolation material for purifying the enzymes responsible...