I m m u n e complexes composed of DNA and antibodies to DNA contribute to tissue injury in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (1, 2). High titers of antibodies to both single-stranded D N A (ssDNA) and double-stranded D N A (dsDNA) are associated with the disease (2, 3), and antibodies to DNA have been eluted from the kidneys of SLE patients (4, 5). Direct demonstrat ion of circulating DNA-an t...

Several different processes involved in the metabolic fate of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and its precursor in the biosynthesis route, C24:6n-3, were studied. In cultured skin fibroblasts, the oxidation rate of [1-14C] 24:6n-3 was 2.7 times higher than for [1-14C]22:6n-3, whereas [1-14C]22:6n-3 was incorporated 7 times faster into different lipid classes than was [1-14C]24:6n-3. When d...

Cigarette smoking is growing and nicotine is considered as the most adverse agent in the cigarette smoking. Nicotine is an alkaloid and forms 90% of alkaloids of cigarette. Nicotine is accountable for creating disorders and cancers such as lung cancer, heart disease and chronic lung disease. Nicotine can be considered as an autophagy and apoptosis inducer which can either directly or indirectly...

The metabolic fate of [1-(14)C]glucosamine, of N-acetyl[1-(14)C]glucosamine and of glycoproteins labelled with [1-(14)C]glucosamine was studied in rats for a period of 24hr. after these materials were given orally or injected. When [1-(14)C]glucosamine was injected 26.3% of the label was excreted in the urine, 19.7% was expired as carbon dioxide and 12.7% was incorporated into plasma proteins. ...

Accurate estimates of demographic parameters are required to infer appropriate ecological relationships and inform management actions. Known-fate data from marked individuals are commonly used to estimate survival rates, whereas N-mixture models use count data from unmarked individuals to estimate multiple demographic parameters. However, a joint approach combining the strengths of both analyti...

The Insulin Receptor (InR) in Drosophila presents features conserved in its mammalian counterparts. InR is required for growth; it is expressed in the central and embryonic nervous system and modulates the time of differentiation of the eye photoreceptor without altering cell fate. We show that the InR is required for the formation of the peripheral nervous system during larval development and ...

Cell specification requires that particular subsets of cells adopt unique expression patterns that ultimately define the fates of their descendants. In C. elegans, cell fate specification involves the combinatorial action of multiple signals that produce activation of a small number of "blastomere specification" factors. These initiate expression of gene regulatory networks that drive developme...

We study the European river Danube and the South American river Negro daily water levels. We present a fit for the Negro daily water level period and standard deviation. Unexpectedly, we discover that the river Negro and Danube are mirror rivers in the sense that the daily water levels fluctuations histograms are close to the BHP and reversed BHP, respectively.

There are many ways to avoid responsibility, for example, explaining what happens as the work of the gods, fate, society, or the system. For engineers, "technology" or "the organization" will serve this purpose quite well. We may distinguish at least nine (related) senses of "responsibility", the most important of which are: (a) responsibility-as-causation (the storm is responsible for flooding...