1. While both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant and insect genotype are well known to influence plant and herbivore growth and performance, information is lacking on how these factors jointly influence the relationship between plants and their natural herbivores. 2. The aim of the present study was to investigate how a natural community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affects the grow...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal symbioses are among the most important drivers of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics. Historically, the two types of symbioses have been investigated separately because arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plant species are considered to host discrete sets of fungal symbionts (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi, respectively). Non...

Mycorrhizae are nearly ubiquitous symbioses formed between plants and fungi. Plants provide fungi with carbon captured through photosynthesis, while fungi provide plants with soil resources. Historically, research has focused on the effects of mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake and the fitness of individual plants. More recently, there has been a growing appreciation for the importance of mycorrhiz...

The influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence and water status of maize (Zea mays L.) plants were studied in pot culture under well-watered and drought stress conditions. The maize plants were grown in a sand and black soil mixture for 4 weeks, and then exposed to drought stress for 4 weeks. Drought stress signi...

H2PO4 (Pi) uptake rates, and root surface acid phosphatase (APase) rates were assessed in pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) seedlings inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Pat., Paxillus involutus (Batsch.) Fr., or Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch, and grown at 10 or 100 μM Pi in sand culture. Following a 6-week period of acclimation to the Pi regimes, se...

Spore counts, species composition and richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and soil glomalin contents were evaluated in a soil contaminated with Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb after rehabilitation by partial replacement of the contaminated soil with non-contaminated soil, and by Eucalyptus camaldulensis planting with and without Brachiaria decumbens sowing. These rehabilitation procedures were compared...

An available remediation technique--arbuscular mycorrhizal phytoremediation (AMPR)--is further proposed for soils contaminated with phenanthrene and pyrene as representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) utilizing a greenhouse pot experiment. The initial concentrations of phenanthrene and/or pyrene in soils were 103 mg kg(-1) and 74 mg kg(-1), respectively. The host plant was alfalfa ...

Lead is a nonessential element that has a negative effect on plant growth and development. Plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soils contaminated with heavy metals can affect growth of plant, nutrition and tolerance against heavy metals. In this study, the effect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, prol...

The main goal of this study was to assess the effect of the inoculation of four autochthonous shrub species with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus intraradices on the rhizosphere bacterial community and to ascertain whether such an effect is dependent on the host plant species. Additionally, analysis of rhizosphere soil chemical and biochemical properties was performed to find ...

Abundant data on the effect of flavonoids on spore germination, hyphal growth and root colonization by AMF are available. Moreover, the flavonoid pattern in mycorrhizal roots changes, thus flavonoids have been suggested as arbuscular mycorrhizal signalling compounds. In our work we studied the accumulation of flavonoids in roots of Medicago sativa i) after the exposure of uncolonized roots to s...